ESCRTによる膜修復は,T細胞の攻撃から腫瘍由来細胞を保護する
Alex T Ritter1, Gleb Shtengel2, C Shan Xu2
1Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
まとめ
トランスポートに必要な内体分離複合体 (ESCRT) タンパク質は,細胞毒性Tリンパ球 (CTL) と自然キラー細胞によって作られた毛穴を修復する. ESCRTを抑制すると,これらの免疫細胞による癌細胞の殺戮が強化されます.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 細胞生物学
- 分子生物学
背景:
- 細胞毒性Tリンパ球 (CTL) と自然キラー細胞 (NK) は,ウイルスに感染した細胞と腫瘍細胞を排除する.
- この殺戮メカニズムは,パーフェリンとグラン酵素の放出を含み,パーフェリンが標的細胞膜に毛穴を形成し,グラン酵素の侵入がアポトーシスを誘発することを可能にします.
- トランスポート (ESCRT) タンパク質に必要な内体分離複合体は,軽微な膜損傷を修復することが知られている.
研究 の 目的:
- CTL媒介による細胞毒性の文脈における ESCRT タンパク質の役割を調査する.
- ESCRT装置がペルファリン・グラン酵素媒介による標的細胞の殺菌に対する感受性に影響を与えるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 標的細胞として がん系を活用した
- パーフォリン放出後の CTL 結合部位への ESCRT タンパク質の誘導を観察した.
- 標的細胞におけるESCRTメカニズムを抑制し,CTL媒介殺菌に対する感受性の変化を評価した.
主要な成果:
- CTL相互作用の場所でのESCRTタンパク質は,ペルファリンの放出直後に急速に血に集結した.
- ESCRT機構の阻害は,CTL誘発のアポトーシスに対する癌細胞の感受性を有意に増加させた.
- これは,ESCRTによる穴の修復が,グラン酵素の侵入を制限することを示唆しています.
結論:
- ESCRT機械は,標的細胞のペルファリン誘発性膜損傷を修復する上で重要な役割を果たします.
- ESCRTタンパク質による修復メカニズムは抵抗因子として作用し,グラン酵素の放出とその後のアポトーシスを制限します.
- ESCRTをターゲットにすることで,がんに対するCTLとNK細胞を含む免疫療法の有効性が向上する可能性があります.
関連する概念動画
The Tumor Microenvironment
6.8K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
6.8K
Tumor Immunotherapy
689
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
689
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
2.8K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
2.8K
Replicative Cell Senescence
3.8K
Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
3.8K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle
7.0K
Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
7.0K
Targeted Cancer Therapies
7.9K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.9K


