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Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

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Overview
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The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Phylogeny01:23

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Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
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包帯動物における不完全な系統分類と表型進化

Shaohong Feng1, Ming Bai2, Iker Rivas-González3

  • 1BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.

Cell
|April 21, 2022
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

不完全な系統分類 (ILS) は,袋類のゲノムが矛盾する進化信号を示し,古代の急速な種化と形態学的変化を結びつける理由を説明する. この研究は,ILSが有袋動物における表型特性を影響する経験的証拠を提供する.

キーワード:
コールHMM生物地理学遺伝子フェノタイプ不一致ヘミプラシー不完全な系統分類袋類動物モニト・デル・モンテ系統遺伝的推論急速な種化特徴の進化

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科学分野:

  • 進化生物学
  • ゲノミクス
  • 系統遺伝学

背景:

  • 不完全な系統分類 (ILS) は遺伝子樹と種樹の不一致を招き,進化論の研究を複雑にし,特にホミニドのような急速な種の系統を複雑にする.
  • ILSと不一致の表型変異を結びつける経験的証拠は不足しており,その進化的影響の完全な理解を妨げています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 完全でない系統分類 (ILS) が,袋類内で不一致な遺伝信号と現象的変異を生成する役割を調査する.
  • 急速な袋類種の進化に直接貢献するILSの経験的証拠を提供すること.

主な方法:

  • 進化的関係を再構築し,ILSのパターンを特定するために,有袋類のゲノムに遺伝子解析を行った.
  • ゲノムデータを分析し,ゲノム全体にストキャスティック固定を伴う対立する遺伝信号と遺伝子を検出した.
  • ILSが形態的特徴の発達に与える影響を評価する機能的実験を行った.

主要な成果:

  • モンティオ・デル・モンテは,オーストラリアのすべての袋類の姉妹系統として確立され,そのゲノムの31%以上は,ILSのためにディプロトドンティアにより近い親和性を示しています.
  • 現存する有袋動物における観察された形態学的変異と相関する,全ゲノムにわたる広範囲にわたる矛盾する遺伝信号を特定した.
  • ILS中にストキャスティック固定を持つ何百もの遺伝子が検出され,姉妹種でないアミノ酸の配列が同一になった.

結論:

  • 不完全な系統分類は,袋類の系統学に大きく影響し,ゲノム不一致とオーストラリアの袋類の進化史を説明する.
  • ILSは,約6000万年前に急激な袋類の種化中に表型多様性を形成する役割を示し,形質学的特徴のヘミプラジーに直接貢献しました.