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心血管疾患を予防するためにアスピリンの使用:米国の予防サービスタスクフォースの勧告声明
, Karina W Davidson1, Michael J Barry2
1Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York.
JAMA
|April 26, 2022
まとめ
低用量アスピリンは,高いCVDリスクを有する40~59歳の成人の心血管疾患 (CVD) の第一予防にわずかな効果がある可能性があります. しかし,純利益がないため,アスピリンの開始は60歳以上には推奨されません.
科学分野:
- 予防医学
- 心臓病科
- 胃腸内科
背景:
- 心血管疾患 (CVD) は,米国における主要な死因です.
- 毎年60万5千人と61万人が 心筋梗塞と脳卒中を患っていると推定されています
- アスピリンは心血管疾患の予防に一般的に使用されており,更新された勧告が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 2016年の米国予防サービスタスクフォース (USPSTF) のアスピリンの初等心血管疾患予防に関する勧告を更新する.
- 心血管疾患の発生,心血管疾患による死亡率,および全原因による死亡率の減少におけるアスピリンの有効性を評価する.
- アスピリンの結腸直腸がん (CRC) および関連する害,特に出血への影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 主要なCVD予防におけるアスピリンの有効性と有害性を評価するために,体系的なレビューが行われました.
- マイクロシミュレーションモデリング研究では,利益と害の純バランスを評価した.
- 分析では,年齢,性別,CVDリスクレベルによって結果が分層化されました.
主要な成果:
- アスピリンの使用は10年以上のCVDリスクを持つ40~59歳の成人の初次CVD予防にわずかな純利益を示しています.
- 60歳以上の成人にアスピリンを投与する際の純利益は示されていない.
- アスピリンの使用に伴う出血のリスクは大きい.
結論:
- 高リスクの40~59歳の成人の心臓病予防のために低用量アスピリンの投与を開始する決定は個別化されるべきである.
- 低用量のアスピリンを毎日服用する場合は,血出のリスクが増加しない個人は,わずかな純利益を経験するかもしれません.
- USPSTFは,60歳以上の成人の初等心血管疾患予防のために,低用量アスピリンの投与を開始することを推奨していません.
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