仮想通信は創造的なアイデアの生成を抑制する
Melanie S Brucks1, Jonathan Levav2
1Marketing Division, Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. mb4598@columbia.edu.
Nature
|April 28, 2022
まとめ
遠隔作業は増えていますが ビデオ会議は 認知を狭めることで 創造的なアイデアを生み出すのを妨げています しかし,それはアイデアの選択を妨げず, 仮想のやり取りがイノベーションに認知的なコストをもたらすことを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 認知心理学
- 組織的行動
- 人とコンピュータの相互作用
背景:
- COVID-19 パンデミックにより,遠隔作業への移行が加速され,自宅での作業が正常化されました.
- 従業員の有意な割合は遠隔作業を好み,予測によると,将来の労働日の大部分は遠隔作業になります.
- 科学的・商業的な進歩に不可欠なイノベーションは 共同でアイデアを生み出すことに大きく依存しています
研究 の 目的:
- 遠隔作業,特にビデオ会議がイノベーションとアイデアの共同生成に与える影響を調査する.
- ビデオカンファレンスが 創作プロセスに 直接のやり取りとは違う影響を 与えるかどうかを調べる
- アイデアの生成と選択における観察された差異を駆動する根本的なメカニズムを探求する.
主な方法:
- 実験室での研究と フィールドでの実験を 5カ国で実施しました
- コミュニケーション中の認知的集中力を評価するために 視線と記憶の測定を用いた.
- アイデアの生成の性質を評価するために潜在的意味論分析を使用しました.
主要な成果:
- ビデオ会議は,対面のやり取りと比較して,創造的なアイデアの生産を大幅に抑制します.
- ビデオカンファレンスグループがアイデアの選択に劣っているという証拠はありません. 予備的なデータは,より大きな効果の可能性を示しています.
- 観察された効果はビデオ会議の物理的な性質に起因し,スクリーンに注意を集中させることで認知の焦点を絞ります.
結論:
- 仮想のインタラクション,特にビデオ会議は,創造的なアイデアの生成に認知的なコストを課します.
- ビデオ会議はアイデアの生成を妨げているが,アイデアの選択を妨げているようには見えない.
- これらの認知効果を理解することは 遠隔作業戦略を最適化して 革新を促進するために不可欠です
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