貧困を和らげるために心理的・社会的・資本的制約に対処する

Thomas Bossuroy¹, Markus Goldstein², Bassirou Karimou³

¹Social Protection and Jobs Global Practice, World Bank, Washington DC, USA.

Nature

|April 28, 2022

まとめ

経済的支援と組み合わせた心理的社会的な介入は極度の貧困層の家庭を貧困から抜け出すのに有効に役立ちますこれらの多面的なプログラムは持続可能な収入を生み出すために非常に費用対効果的です

科学分野:

開発経済学
貧困の緩和
行動科学

背景:

政策はしばしば,極貧者のために持続的な収入を創出することを目的としています.
経済的介入は歴史的に優勢でしたが, 費用対効果の観点から心理的支援が注目されています.
多面的な"卒業"プログラムは,持続的な変化を生み出すことを約束しています.

研究の目的:

資本と心理的社会的制約に対処することで,極度の貧困に対する多面的な介入の影響を評価する.
資金援助の効果と心理的介入の効果を比較する
政府主導の貧困緩和プログラムの最も費用対効果の高い構成要素を特定する.

主な方法:

ナイジェリアの極貧の女性受益者の間で4つのランダム化評価が行われました.
参加者は既に全国的な現金送金プログラムに登録していた.
治療にはグループ貯蓄の促進,コーチング,起業家訓練,加えて一括の現金助成金,心理社会的介入,またはその両方が含まれています.

主要な成果:

3つの治療群は,経済的な結果と心理的福祉にポジティブな効果を示しました.
これらの効果の経路とタイミングで顕著な違いが観察されました.
心理社会的な要素を組み込んだ介入は,最も費用対効果が高いことが示されました.

結論:

多面的な介入は,経済的・心理的な障壁の両方に対処することで,極度の貧困を効果的に軽減することができます.
心理社会的な介入は政府主導の貧困削減戦略に価値のある費用対効果の高い追加手段です
適切に設計された心理社会的要素は脆弱な集団に対する経済支援プログラムの効果と持続可能性を高めます

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