妊娠前から20歳までの健康と発達と人材
Robert E Black1, Li Liu1, Fernando P Hartwig2
1Institute for International Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 30, 2022
まとめ
妊娠から成人期までの健康状態は 人間資本にとって不可欠です 人生の初期,特に最初の1000日間は,生涯の健康,学習,生存に大きく影響します.
科学分野:
- 世界保健
- 発達に関する小児科
- 人材開発
背景:
- 胎児から成人期までの健康と発達は 人間の繁栄と人材の形成に不可欠です
- 育児ケア・フレームワークは20歳まで延長され,人材の発達に及ぼす主要な影響を概説しています.
- 5歳未満の死亡率は減少しているが,子どもと青少年 (20歳以下) の死産は依然として世界的な健康問題である.
研究 の 目的:
- 妊娠前期から成人期までの人的資本に影響を与える重要な発達期と影響要因を分析する.
- 最初の1000日 (妊娠から2歳まで) の長期的な健康と認知能力の重要性を強調する.
- 発達段階における死亡率と発症率 (低出生体重,成長障害,肥満) の世界的な負担を調査する.
主な方法:
- 妊娠28週から20歳までの個人の2000年から2019年の世界的な死亡率の分析.
- 早期の成長経路と成人の栄養状態と認知機能の関係を調べるコホートデータのレビュー
- 健康,栄養,家庭資源,教育機会など,知識とスキルの獲得に影響を与える要因の評価
主要な成果:
- 2019年には,妊娠28週から20歳までの間に推定860万人が死亡し,半数以上が28日前に死亡しました.
- 低出生体重はサハラ以南のアフリカと南アジアで一般的です. 成長の遅れは世界的に一般的であり,肥満は増加しています.
- 早期の線形成長 (最初の2年) は,後期の成長よりも,成人の知能指数 (IQ) の強い予測因子です.
- サハラ以南のアフリカでは約4年,高所得国では約11年.
結論:
- 人間資本は 生き残り 成長し 子供や青春期を通して学ぶことに 大きく依存しています
- 長期の健康と認知の発達を最適化するために,特に最初の1000日間に焦点を当てた介入は不可欠です.
- 健康,栄養,教育における格差を解決することは,世界的に人材を向上させる上で極めて重要です.
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