世界初の農家のゲノム起源

Nina Marchi¹, Laura Winkelbach², Ilektra Schulz³

¹CMPG, Institute for Ecology and Evolution, University of Berne, 3012 Berne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Cell

|May 13, 2022

まとめ

初期のヨーロッパとアナトリアの農家の遺伝的起源は,デモゲノミクスモデリングによって明らかになった. これらの初期の農家は混雑した集団から生まれ拡大の過程で遺伝的偏移を経験しました

科学分野:

遺伝学
考古学
人口の歴史

背景:

ヨーロッパと西南アジアの初期の農民の正確な遺伝的起源と差別化のタイミングはよく理解されていません.
これらの起源を理解することは人口の移動と農業の広がりを再構築するのに不可欠です

研究の目的:

ヨーロッパと西南アジアにおける新石器時代の移行の背景にある人口学的プロセスを解明する.
最初のヨーロッパとアナトリアの農業集団の遺伝的起源と差別化を決定する.

主な方法:

高品質の古代ゲノムを用いたデモゲノムモデルです
遺伝子混合と集団構造の分析

主要な成果:

アナトリアとヨーロッパの初期の農家は,最後の氷河期の後,南西アジアの人口とボトルネックされた西部の狩猟採集者のグループとの多段階の混合から生まれた.
これらの農家の祖先は西方への拡張の間に重要な遺伝的ドリフトを経験し独特の遺伝的プロファイルに導きました
この研究は,プレイストセンの終わりとホロセンの初期における西南アジアとヨーロッパの人口の歴史の空間的解釈を提供します.

結論:

新石器時代の移行は,人口混合と遺伝子ドリフトを含む複雑な人口学的プロセスによって引き起こされた.
古代のゲノムデータとデモゲノムモデリングは過去の人口動態を再構築するための強力なツールです

キーワード:

新石器時代の移行期古代ゲノム学デモゲノムモデリング人口推論人口増加人類の進化人口添加物高古石器時代

さらに関連する動画

12:33

Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Plant Organellar DNA Enrichment Methods Suitable for Next-generation Sequencing

Published on: July 28, 2017

13.0K

08:03

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

2.4K

関連する概念動画

02:35

What is Evolutionary History?

40.5K

Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.

40.5K

02:02

Genomics

37.6K

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

37.6K

03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

8.4K

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

8.4K

02:06

Conditions on Early Earth

97.1K

Around 4 billion years ago, oceans began to condense on earth while volcanic eruptions released nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen into the primordial atmosphere. However, organisms with the characteristics of life were not initially present on earth. Scientists have used experimentation to determine how organisms evolved that could grow, reproduce, and maintain an internal environment.

97.1K

02:22

The Colonization of Land

35.8K

Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...

35.8K

01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

37.1K

The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...