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Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
Cell Sorting During Development
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Determination01:51

Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus01:15

Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus

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Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the...
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Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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ギビンのメソダーマル調節パターンの上皮の発達

Ann Collier1, Angela Liu2, Jessica Torkelson1

  • 1Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Nature
|May 18, 2022
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ギビンタンパク質は 遺伝子発現と細胞シグナル伝達を制御することで 人間の発達を制御します ギビンの喪失は発達障害を引き起こし,皮膚,頭蓋骨の構造,腹壁の閉塞に影響を与えます.

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Assessing Signaling Properties of Ectodermal Epithelia During Craniofacial Development
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Last Updated: Sep 22, 2025

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Assessing Signaling Properties of Ectodermal Epithelia During Craniofacial Development
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科学分野:

  • 発達生物学
  • 遺伝学
  • エピジェネティクス

背景:

  • エクトodermal パターンには,転写因子 (GATA3,p63) とメソodermal シグナリングが必要です.
  • エクトダームとメソダームの相互作用における安定した遺伝子発現と系統の結合のメカニズムは不明である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 初期上皮質形態変異の新規調節体を特定する.
  • 人間の発達におけるAHDC1遺伝子産物であるギビンの役割を明らかにする.
  • Xia-Gibbs症候群の分子基礎を調査する.

主な方法:

  • キーレギュレータとしてGibbin (AHDC1で符号化) を特定した.
  • 転写因子とメチル-CpG結合タンパク質との相互作用を研究した.
  • ヒト胚性幹細胞に由来する皮膚オルガノイドと,体内のキメリックCRISPRマウス変異体を使用した.

主要な成果:

  • ギビンは,転写因子と表皮遺伝子変異剤と相互作用することで,メソダーマの遺伝子発現を調節する.
  • GATA3依存遺伝子のDNAメチル化が増加し,皮膚-表皮のシグナル伝達が妨げられます.
  • ギビン欠乏症は皮膚の熟成障害,ケラチノ細胞の層分化障害,発達パターン障害を引き起こす.

結論:

  • ギビンは早期の表皮形質変異と発達パターンの形成に不可欠である.
  • Xia-Gibbs症候群は,異常なDNAメチル化による異常な中皮成熟の結果である.
  • ギビンの機能は 発達過程における表遺伝的調節の重要性を強調している.