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The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
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Hmx遺伝子の保存は,脊椎動物の頭蓋骨の起源を特定する

Vasileios Papadogiannis1,2, Alessandro Pennati1,3, Hugo J Parker4

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Nature
|May 18, 2022
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ホメオボックスの転写因子Hmxは脊椎動物における感覚システムの発達に不可欠である. 双極性尾神経は脊椎動物の頭蓋骨の感覚系の前駆体であることを示唆している.

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科学分野:

  • 進化的発達生物学
  • 神経科学
  • 比較ゲノミクス

背景:

  • 脊椎動物の感覚システムは 捕食動物と共に進化し,頭蓋骨の感覚系に 依存した.
  • 種間の解剖学的差異と同質性割り当ての難しさのために,プラコドとガンジアの進化的起源を理解することは困難です.

研究 の 目的:

  • ホメオボックス転写因子Hmxが脊椎動物の進化における感覚ギャングリオン発達における役割を調査する.
  • 脊椎動物の頭蓋骨の感覚系と双極性尾のニューロンの同質性を調べるため

主な方法:

  • Hmx遺伝子の機能と調節を研究するために Ciona intestinalisとlampreyの変異を活用しました.
  • 幹脊椎動物の血統におけるHmx発現を制御する保存された調節要素 (強化剤) を分析した.

主要な成果:

  • 脊椎動物における 感覚のギャングリアの発達に不可欠であることを示した.
  • Hmxはシオナの双極性尾神経の分化を誘導し,以前の同質学課題に挑戦しています.
  • 幹の脊椎動物でHmxを調節する保存された,並列で複製された増強剤のペアを特定した.
  • シオナで強固な脊椎動物のHmx増強機能が確認され, 深い規制ネットワークの保存を示しています.

結論:

  • Hmxの規制と機能の保存は,脊椎動物の進化の起源に及ぶ.
  • 双極性尾神経は脊椎動物の頭蓋骨の感受性ガンジュアと相似している可能性があり,初期の脊椎動物の進化の洞察を提供している.