高度への適応のための酸素感知メカニズム

Mohamad Abbas¹, Gunjan Sharma¹, Charlene Dambire¹

¹School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

Nature

|June 1, 2022

まとめ

植物は高空に適応して酸素を感知しますこのメカニズムはクロロフィルの生物合成を調節し,酸素が少ない環境で開花植物が繁栄し,極端な環境への遺伝的適応を示します.

科学分野:

植物生物学
分子生物学
エコロジー

背景:

咲く植物 (アニオスペルム) は,極端な高さ (最大 6,400 メートル) で生き残ることができます.
植物が高度に適応する分子基盤は,特に酸素レベルについては,ほとんど不明です.
高度が上昇すると,酸素の偏圧 (pO2) が低下する.

研究の目的:

植物における高さ,酸素感知,クロロフィルの生物合成,低酸素関連遺伝子発現の関係を調査する.
異なる高度での大気中の酸素濃度の変化に植物が適応することを可能にする分子メカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

塩素原素 (プロトクロロフィリド) の濃度を調べた
アラビドプシス・タリアナにおけるプラント・システイン・オキシダース (PCO) N-デグロン経路とGROUP VII ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR転写因子 (ERFVII) の役割を調査した.
プロトクロロフィリド濃度,遺伝子発現,天然の血管芽種群におけるERFVII活性に関する高度クラインを分析した.

主要な成果:

プロトクロロフィリドのレベルは,エチオレートされた苗木における大気中の酸素感知によって影響を受けます.
ERFVIIは,クロロフィル生物合成の第一段階を制御するFLUの発現を調節する.
プロトクロロフィリド,無活性化複合体の成分,および様々なアンジオスペルム系における低酸素関連遺伝子の高度クラインが観察されました.
アラビドプシス・タリアナが異なる高さから増殖すると,高さに依存するERFVIIの活動と蓄積が示された.

結論:

酸素感受性の変化による高度への遺伝的適応のための新しいメカニズムが特定されました.
この経路は高空での生存に不可欠な酸素の供給に応じた塩素フィルの生合成を制御します
植物が極端な環境で適応する戦略について洞察を得ました

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