食欲抑制のための臓器間神経回路
Tong Zhang1, Matthew H Perkins2, Hao Chang2
1Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China; Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
Cell
|June 6, 2022
まとめ
腸内グルカゴン型ペプチド-1 (GLP-1) は腸外神経細胞を通して信号を送り,胃の排泄と食物を制御します. この新たに発見された神経経路は 胃運動障害の治療対象となるかもしれません
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 胃腸内科
- 内分泌学
背景:
- グルカゴンのようなペプチド-1 (GLP-1) は,食欲と腸の運動に知られた効果を持つ腸内ホルモンです.
- 腸内GLP-1が遠隔の臓器に影響を与える正確なメカニズムは,特に迅速な不活性化を考えると,ほとんど不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- 腸内GLP-1が胃機能と食生活に影響を与える神経経路を解明する.
- GLP-1の作用を媒介する腸フーガルニューロンの役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 動物のモデルで腸外神経細胞の細胞特異的アブレーションと化学的活性化を活用した.
- 腸から中枢神経系への GLP-1 信号伝達に関与する神経経路を 追跡した.
主要な成果:
- 腸内GLP-1は,腸外神経細胞を活性化することによって,胃の排泄と食物を阻害します.
- これらのニューロンの消去はGLP-1の効果を廃止し,その活性化はGLP-1を模倣した.
- これらの作用を媒介するシンパト - 胃 - 脊髄 - 網膜 - 下垂体経路を特定した.
結論:
- インテスティノフガルニューロンは,胃運動と食欲に対する腸内GLP-1の影響を決定的に媒介する.
- これらの発見は 腸内ホルモンの信号を 中央の餌と拒絶行動と結びつける 新しい神経回路を明らかにしています
- これらの腸回路をターゲットにすることで 胃の異常な運動,膨らみ,食欲の低下を特徴とする疾患の 新しい治療法が得られます
関連する概念動画
Regulation of Food Intake
545
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
545
Neural Regulation
40.4K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
40.4K
Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination
2.2K
The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Anatomically, it is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus, forming part of the limbic system.
The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions, including the pituitary gland, through a direct physical connection called the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus receives somatic and visceral inputs and...
The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions, including the pituitary gland, through a direct physical connection called the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus receives somatic and visceral inputs and...
2.2K
Hormonal Regulation
44.7K
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
44.7K
Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions
3.0K
The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the...
3.0K
Autonomic Nervous System
9.6K
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions function antagonistically to maintain a dynamic...
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions function antagonistically to maintain a dynamic...
9.6K


