14 世紀 中央 ユーラシア の 黒死 の 源
Maria A Spyrou1,2,3, Lyazzat Musralina4,5,6,7, Guido A Gnecchi Ruscone4,5
1Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. maria.spyrou@ifu.uni-tuebingen.de.
Nature
|June 15, 2022
まとめ
疫病 は 14 世紀 の キルギス スタン で 発生 し た 可能性 が あり ます. 古代のDNAが 伝染病のバクテリア イエルシニア・ペスティスが この初期の疫病の原因であることを確認し その源は中央ユーラシアにあると特定しました
科学分野:
- ゲノミクス
- 考古学
- 流行病学
背景:
- 黒死病 (1346年-1353年) の起源は,キルギスタンのイシククル湖の近くで,議論されている.
- 1338年から1339年の墓石の碑文は,これらの場所での疫病の発生を示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- ブラック・デス・パンデミックの起源を 調べるために
- 1338年から1339年の流行に 関連している可能性のある 古代人のDNAを分析する
- パンデミックの初期段階における Yersinia pestis の役割を決定する.
主な方法:
- キルギスタンのカラ・ジガッチとブラーナ墓地の7人の発掘.
- 古代DNAの抽出とシーケンシングで *Yersinia pestis* のゲノムを再構築する.
- ティアンシャン地域からの現代の *Yersinia pestis* 菌株との比較ゲノム分析.
主要な成果:
- 古代のゲノムデータでは イエルシニア・ペスティスの関与が確認されました
- 再構築された2つのゲノムは,主要な多様化イベントの最も最近の共通の祖先として特定された単一の株を表しています.
- この祖先の株は14世紀前半に遡り,中央ユーラシアの局所的な出現を裏付けている.
結論:
- この研究は,第2のペストパンデミックの 中央ユーラシアの起源の強力な証拠を提供します.
- 回復した *Yersinia pestis* 菌株は,黒死病の初期発生と関連しています.
- この研究は 考古学,歴史,ゲノムデータを集約して パンデミックの原因を特定します
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