微生物群と腸内ホメオスタシス
Jee-Yon Lee1, Renée M Tsolis1, Andreas J Bäumler1
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
まとめ
腸内微生物群のホメオスタシスは特定の種によって定義されるのではなく,微生物の成長と機能を調節する酸素や窒素の利用可能性などの宿主因によって定義される. これらの宿主パラメータを定量化することで,腸内不活性症を特定し,治療するのに役立ちます.
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 人間の生理学
- 胃腸内科
背景:
- 腸内微生物の組成の変化は 多くのヒトの病気と関連しています
- 腸内ホメオスタシスとディスバイオシスの現在の定義は,微生物種に関する特異性がない.
- 食事と宿主要因は腸内微生物の組成と機能に大きな影響を与えます
研究 の 目的:
- 腸内微生物の組成と機能を制御する宿主因子を調べる
- 微生物コミュニティの構造における酸素と窒素の利用可能性の役割を調査する.
- 腸内不活性症の定義と修復のための代替戦略を提案する.
主な方法:
- 小腸と大腸における宿主由来因子 (酸素,窒素) の分析
- 宿主因子と微生物のエネルギー生成経路の相関関係 (呼吸と発酵).
- ダイエットが宿主の微生物群に対する制御メカニズムにどのように影響するかを評価する.
主要な成果:
- 小腸に酸素と窒素を供給する宿主は 呼吸するバクテリアを選びます
- 大腸の酸素と窒素が限られれば 発酵性のバクテリアが育つ
- 栄養不良は宿主の調節メカニズムを害し 微生物群の安定性に影響します
結論:
- 腸内ホメオスタシスとディスバイオシスは,特定の微生物種によってより宿主の規制パラメータによって定義されます.
- 酸素と窒素の利用可能性のような宿主要因は 腸内微生物のコミュニティ構造の重要な決定因子です
- 宿主パラメータを定量化することで 腸内不活性症の理解と管理に 新しいアプローチが提供されます
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