スーパーエンハンスターハイパーミューテーションはB細胞リンパ腫における腫瘍遺伝子の発現を変化させる
Elodie Bal1, Rahul Kumar1,2, Mohammad Hadigol3
1Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|July 6, 2022
まとめ
拡散型B細胞リンパ腫 (DLBCL) は,遺伝子調節に不可欠なスーパーエンハンサーの変異を伴う. これらの変異はBCL6,BCL2,CXCR4などのコゲンに影響を及ぼし,この一般的なノンホッジキンリンパ腫の新たな治療標的を提供している.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクス
- 癌 生物学
- 血液学
背景:
- 拡散型大B細胞リンパ腫 (DLBCL) は,B細胞非ホジキンリンパ腫の最も一般的であり,患者の約40%が治療不能である.
- DLBCLのコーディングゲノムは広く研究されているが,非コーディングゲノムはほとんど未調査のままである.
- 新しい遺伝子変異と治療目標の特定は,DLBCLの治療結果の改善に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- DLBCLの病原性における非コーディングゲノム,特にスーパーエンハンサーの役割を調査する.
- 超強化剤がDLBCLに変化し,これらの変化が機能的な結果をもたらすかどうかを判断する.
- DLBCLの非コーディングゲノム内の潜在的な新しい治療標的を特定する.
主な方法:
- 全ゲノム配列決定を用いたDLBCL患者のサンプルにおける活性スーパーエンハンサーの分析
- 活性化誘発型シチジンデアミナーゼ活性を含む変異シグネチャーの評価
- 遺伝子調節と腫瘍遺伝子の発現に及ぼす影響を評価するための機能研究.
- 遺伝子変異の修正で 腫瘍性依存を評価する
主要な成果:
- 有効なスーパーエンハンサーは,DLBCLサンプルの92%で特異的かつ高度にハイパーミューテーションされています.
- これらの超変異超強化剤は,活性化誘発型シチジンデアミナーゼの活性を示す.
- BCL6,BCL2,CXCR4に関連したスーパーエンハンサーの変異は,転写抑制剤の結合を阻害し,腫瘍遺伝子のアップレギュレーションにつながります.
- これらの突然変異の遺伝子修正により,抑制剤の結合が回復し,標的遺伝子がダウンレギュレーションされ,突然変異したアレルの反選択が起こり,腫瘍性依存症を示した.
結論:
- 広範囲にわたるスーパーエンハンサーの変異メカニズムは,遺伝子発現を抑制することによってDLBCLの病原化に寄与する.
- これらの発見は,DLBCLにおける腫瘍遺伝子の既知の関与を拡大し,新しい規制解除遺伝子の標的を特定します.
- スーパーエンハンサー変異は,潜在的治療的関連性を持つDLBCLにおける重要な遺伝的病変のクラスを表しています.
関連する概念動画
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes
9.1K
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
9.1K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
4.3K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
Somatic...
4.3K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle
6.6K
Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
6.6K
Abnormal Proliferation
4.6K
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
4.6K
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes
7.9K
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
7.9K
Targeted Cancer Therapies
7.8K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.8K


