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関連する概念動画

Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus01:15

Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus

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Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the...
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Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

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The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair...
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Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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ヒトの性腺発達の単細胞ロードマップ

Luz Garcia-Alonso1, Valentina Lorenzi1, Cecilia Icoresi Mazzeo1

  • 1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.

Nature
|July 6, 2022
PubMed
まとめ

この研究は,高度な単細胞と空間的トランスクリプトミクスを用いてヒトの性器の発達をマッピングしています. 男性と女性の性器の形成を制御する重要なプログラムが明らかにされ,将来の不妊研究とインビトロモデルに役立つ.

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科学分野:

  • 発達生物学
  • 遺伝学
  • 生殖医学

背景:

  • ヒトの性腺発育 (性腺生成) は生殖健康に不可欠ですが,組織へのアクセスが限られており,モデルシステムの制限があるため,十分に理解されていません.
  • 以前の研究では 人間とマウスの間の種別差異が問題となり ヒトのゴナドゲネシスの研究を妨げていました
  • 性器の形成を理解することは 性器の疾患や不妊症の治療に不可欠です

研究 の 目的:

  • 第1期と第2期における ヒトの性腺発達の 空間時間的な地図を作成する.
  • ゲルムラインと体細胞系統の発達を制御するヒト特有の調節プログラムを特定する.
  • 保存された種特有のメカニズムを抽出するために,ヒトの性腺生成をマウスモデルと比較する.

主な方法:

  • 単細胞と空間トランスクリプトミックは,ヒトの性腺をプロファイルするために使用されました.
  • 詳細な細胞分析のためにクロマチンのアクセシビリティアッセイと光顕微鏡を用いた.
  • 同じ発達段階のマウスモデルとの比較分析が行われました.

主要な成果:

  • 性別指定時に定義された体細胞状態,バイポテンスの初期サポート集団を含む.
  • 精巣決定因子SRYとsPAX8sの上昇を特定した.
  • 女性における細胞現象を解明し,粒状細胞波とその生殖細胞の分化における役割を詳細に説明する.
  • 人間の胎児の精巣マクロファージ (SIGLEC15+,TREM2+) の特徴と,男性の性腺発達のシグナル伝達におけるその役割.

結論:

  • ヒトとマウスの性器の分化に関する包括的な空間時間的地図を作成した.
  • ガンダゲネシスに欠かせない ヒト特有の制御プログラムを発見した
  • この発見は,インビトロ性腺形成の指針と生殖障害の理解のための基礎を提供する.