人間の結腸直腸がんにおけるras遺伝子変異の有病率

J L Bos, E R Fearon, S R Hamilton

Nature

|May 3, 1987

まとめ

ラス遺伝子変異は,ヒトの結腸直腸がんの3分の1以上で発見されています. これらの特定のc-Ki-ras遺伝子変異は,がんが発症する前に,典型的には早期に発生します.

科学分野:

腫瘍学腫瘍学
分子生物学は分子生物学である.
遺伝学遺伝学とは

背景:

ラス遺伝子は,細胞信号伝達経路の重要な調節体である.
異常なras遺伝子の活動は,様々なヒトの癌に関与しています.
人種遺伝子の変異パターンを理解することは,癌の研究の鍵です.

研究の目的:

ヒトの結腸直腸がんにおけるラス遺伝子変異の有病率と特定の位置を調査する.
ras遺伝子変異と大腸直腸悪性腫瘍の発症の間の時間的関係を決定する.

主な方法:

遺伝子変異を検出するためにDNAハイブリッド化分析を用いた.
腫瘍サンプル内の突然変異の正確な局所化のために組織切断技術を使用しました.

主要な成果:

Ras遺伝子変異は,ヒトの結腸直腸がん症例の33%以上で特定されました.
これらの突然変異のほとんどは,c-Ki-ras遺伝子のコードン12に位置していた.
これらの腫瘍性変異は,悪性腫瘍の発症に先行することが観察されました.

結論:

Ras遺伝子の変異,特にc-Ki-rasコードン12の変異は,結腸直腸がんでは一般的です.
これらの突然変異の早期発生は,大腸直腸がん発生に重要な役割を果たすことを示唆しています.
発見は,結腸直腸がんの治療目標としてrasの調査を支持しています.

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