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関連する概念動画

What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

120.3K
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
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Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

Types of Signaling Molecules

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In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
10.6K
Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

20.9K
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
20.9K
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

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Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
47.5K
Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

44.9K
Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
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Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

48.4K
Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
Autocrine Signaling in Macrophages
Under normal physiological conditions, autocrine signaling is essential for maintaining homeostasis. This process is well characterized in...
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A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression
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合成マクロ分子間の細胞内通信

Cameron W Evans1, Diwei Ho1, Joshua B Marlow2

  • 1School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 28, 2022
PubMed
まとめ

研究者たちは遺伝子治療のために 新種の合成ポリマーを開発し これらの材料が細胞内で 伝達できることを実証しました この画期的な発見により 遺伝物質の非ウイルス輸送効率が向上し 核酸ベースの治療法が進歩しました

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Preparing Protein Producing Synthetic Cells using Cell Free Bacterial Extracts, Liposomes and Emulsion Transfer
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科学分野:

  • バイオマテリアル科学
  • ナノテクノロジー
  • 分子生物学

背景:

  • 非ウイルス伝達システムは,遺伝子治療,免疫,RNA干渉において,ウイルスベクターの限界を克服することを目的として極めて重要です.
  • リポソームやポリマーのような現在の非ウイルス媒体は,細胞内伝達効率が限られており,しばしば1%以下である.
  • 既存のキャリアデザインは,ポリマー配列,構造,組成を正確に制御できず,予測できない結果をもたらします.

研究 の 目的:

  • 非ウイルス性遺伝子配送のための制御された精度の高度な合成マクロモレキュラーキャリアを開発する.
  • 合成マクロ分子複合体間の細胞間通信の現象を調査する.
  • 合成物質による 遺伝子の放出モデルに 異議を唱える

主な方法:

  • 精密に制御されたボトルブラッシュポリマーのライブラリを合成する.
  • 開発されたポリマーキャリアを使用してDNAの同時および競争的配送をテストする.
  • 細胞内の合成の大分子複合体間の相互作用と通信経路を分析する.

主要な成果:

  • 合成マクロ分子複合体が,以前はバイオ分子に限定されたものと考えられていたコミュニケーションに関与することを実証した.
  • DNAやRNAのような生物学的分子に匹敵する より高い精度で合成キャリアを設計した.
  • 寄生剤が感染に 積極的な役割を果たしていることを示唆する 被動的傍観者モデルに対する証拠を提供した.

結論:

  • 開発されたデンドロニズドボトルブラッシュポリマーは,非ウイルス性配送システムの設計における重要な進歩を表しています.
  • 合成マクロ分子通信の発見は 細胞内伝達戦略の改善のための新しい道を開きます
  • これらの相互作用を理解することで 効果的なゲノム工学,ワクチン,核酸ベースの治療法の開発が加速されます.