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ケトゲネシスの障害は,COVID-19におけるT細胞機能不全と代謝を結びつける
Fotios Karagiannis1, Konrad Peukert2, Laura Surace1,2
1Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Nature
|July 28, 2022
まとめ
ケトゲネシスは,肺感染症におけるT細胞機能に不可欠なβ-ヒドロキシブチラート (BHB) を生成します. 重度のCOVID-19でBHBの生産が低下すると,免疫反応が阻害されるが,BHBの補給はT細胞の機能を回復し,死亡率を低下させる.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 代謝経路
- 呼吸器感染症
背景:
- アノレキシアと断食はケトゲネシスを誘発し,ベータヒドロキシブチラート (BHB) を生成する.
- 肺感染症における免疫反応の調節におけるケトゲネシスの役割は完全に理解されていません.
- SARS-CoV-2 とインフルエンザの感染は,急性呼吸器障害症候群 (ARDS) を引き起こす可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 肺ウイルス感染症における免疫反応に対するケトゲネシスとBHBの影響を調査する.
- BHBの産生がSARS-CoV-2とインフルエンザに起因するARDSで異なっているかどうかを判断する.
- 重度の呼吸器感染症の治療薬としてのBHBの可能性を調査する.
主な方法:
- SARS-CoV-2 誘発 ARDS とインフルエンザ誘発 ARDS の患者における BHB 生成の比較分析.
- 代謝トレーシングを用いたCD4+T細胞生存,インターフェロン・ガンマ生成,代謝に対するBHBの影響の評価.
- ケトゲンダイエットとBHBケトンエステル飲料で治療された重度の呼吸器感染症のマウスを用いたin vivo試験.
主要な成果:
- BHBの産生はSARS-CoV-2 ARDSでは低下するが,インフルエンザARDSでは低下しない.
- BHBはCD4+ T細胞の生存とインターフェロン・ガンマの生成を高めます.
- BHBはT細胞の酸化リン酸化を促進し,アミノ酸とグルタチオンの生成をサポートし,SARS-CoV-2 ARDS T細胞の機能を回復させます.
- ケトゲンダイエットとBHBサプリメントは重度の呼吸器感染症のマウスの死亡率を低下させる.
結論:
- BHBは肺ウイルス感染症におけるT細胞反応をサポートする重要な代替炭素源です.
- ケトゲネシスの障害とその後のBHB欠乏は,COVID-19の重症性の重要な要因である可能性があります.
- BHBのサプリメントは,重度の呼吸器ウイルス感染症の治療の可能性を示しています.
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