社会資本I:測定と経済的流動性との関連
Raj Chetty1, Matthew O Jackson2, Theresa Kuchler3
1Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. chetty@fas.harvard.edu.
Nature
|August 1, 2022
まとめ
社会的資本は 経済的なつながりと同様に 収入の向上を大きく促進します この研究はFacebookのデータを用いて ソーシャルネットワークが経済結果にどのように影響するかを示し さらに研究するための公開データを提供しています
科学分野:
- 社会学
- 経済学
- コンピュータ科学
背景:
- ソーシャル・キャピタルは,ソーシャル・ネットワークとコミュニティの絆を網羅し,様々な人生の成果に影響を与えます.
- 限られたソーシャルネットワークのデータは,以前は,社会資本の特定の影響の理解を妨げていました.
- 現存する研究では,社会資本のさまざまな側面を分析するための詳細なデータが不足しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 大規模なソーシャルメディアデータを用いて 3つの異なるタイプのソーシャルキャピタルの測定と分析を行う.
- 米国の郵便番号の間で異なる形態の社会資本と経済的移動の関係を調査する.
- 収入の上昇を予測する要因として"経済的なつながり"の重要性を強調する.
主な方法:
- 郵便番号レベルでの ソーシャルキャピタル対策の構築に 21億人のFacebookの友人を利用しました
- 定量化された社会資本は,接続性 (例えば,低対高SESの友情),社会連帯性 (例えば,集団),市民の関与 (例えば,ボランティア) を通じて行われます.
- これらの社会資本の指標と経済流動性のデータとの関連を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 地域によって社会資本の指標は大きく異なるが,高い相関関係はありませんでした.
- 経済的なつながりとは 高いSESを持つ人の割合が 低いSESを持つ人の割合で 高いSESを持つ人の割合が 低いSESを持つ人の割合が 高いSESを持つ人の割合が 高いSESを持つ人の割合が 低いSESを持つ人の割合が 高いSESを持つ人の割合が 高いSESを持つ人の割合が
- 他の社会資本の指標では 経済的流動性との関連がより弱かった.
結論:
- 社会的資本の種類を区別することは,それらの異なる影響を理解するために極めて重要です.
- 経済的つながりを強化することで SESが低い家庭の子供たちの 収入を大幅に増やすことができます
- 経済的なつながりは 移動性と 人種差別や貧困や不平等といった要因の 関連性を説明します
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