社会資本II:経済的なつながりの決定要因
Raj Chetty1, Matthew O Jackson2, Theresa Kuchler3
1Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. chetty@fas.harvard.edu.
Nature
|August 1, 2022
まとめ
社会的・経済的な差は 社会的・経済的な差は 社会的・経済的な差は 社会的・経済的な差は 社会的・経済的な差は 社会的経済的な統合は 経済的つながりを高めます 特に友好的な偏見が低いグループでは
科学分野:
- 社会科学
- 社会学
- 経済学
背景:
- 社会経済的地位 (SES) を越えた社会的相互作用の低さは大きな懸念事項です.
- この社会的隔離は 収入の向上を阻むなど 否定的な結果につながっています
- 階級間の相互作用の原動力を理解することは 不平等に対処するために不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- Facebookのデータを用いて クラス間の相互作用の決定要因を分析する
- 社会的断絶における 露出と友好のバイアスの役割を区別する.
- 経済的つながりを高めるための効果的な介入を特定する.
主な方法:
- ソーシャル・ディスカネクションを測定するための 大規模なフェイスブックデータの分析
- 様々な社会集団における高SES被曝の定量化
- フレンドシップバイアスの評価は,SESラインを越えて友情を形成する傾向です.
- 高校のコホートデータを活用して,SES曝露が友好関係に与える影響を調査する.
主要な成果:
- 社会的隔離の半分は 社会的隔離の半分は 社会的隔離の半分は 社会的隔離の半分は 社会的隔離の半分は
- 残りの半分はSESが低い人がSESが高い人と 友達になる頻度が低いという フレンドシップ・バイアスに起因します
- 友好偏見は グループ構造によって異なります 大規模で多様なグループでは高く 宗教的な組織では低いのです
- 高いSES曝露は,フレンドシップバイアスが低い環境でより多くのクロス-SESの友情につながります.
結論:
- 社会経済的な統合は フレンドシップの偏見が低いコミュニティの 経済的つながりを効果的に高めます
- 高いフレンドシップのバイアスの環境では,介入は既存のメンバー間の相互作用を増やすことに焦点を当てなければなりません.
- 米国の郵便番号,高校,大学について,経済的なつながり,暴露,友好偏見に関するプライバシー保護データが公開されています.
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