関連する実験動画
Updated: Sep 2, 2025

12:44
Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
Published on: July 24, 2016
8.1K
洪水と干ばつによるリスク管理の課題
Heidi Kreibich1, Anne F Van Loon2, Kai Schröter3,4
1GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Hydrology, Potsdam, Germany. Heidi.Kreibich@gfz-potsdam.de.
Nature
|August 3, 2022
まとめ
リスクマネジメントは 洪水や干ばつによる影響を 軽減するのに役立ちますが 前例のない極端な現象と闘っています 改善されたガバナンスと投資により,これらの深刻な自然災害に対する回復力を高めることができます.
科学分野:
- 環境科学
- 気候科学
- 水学
背景:
- リスク管理の努力にもかかわらず,世界的な洪水と干ばつの影響は増加しています.
- 限られた経験的なデータは 変化する災害の影響の理解を妨げています
- 気候変動の予測は より極端な水文現象を示しています
研究 の 目的:
- 洪水や干ばつによる影響を軽減するリスク管理の有効性を調査する.
- 極端な水文現象の影響を及ぼす要因を特定する.
- 前例のない自然災害がもたらす 課題を理解するためです
主な方法:
- 同じ地域における洪水と干ばつに関する45のペアを含むグローバルデータセットの分析
- リスク管理の介入前と後のイベントの影響の比較
- イベントの規模と危険レベルに対する管理戦略の評価
主要な成果:
- リスクマネジメントは一般的には影響を軽減しますが,以前の経験を超えた前例のない出来事と戦っています.
- 後に発生した事故の危険度が高くなった場合,通常は影響が大きかった.
- 2つのケースでは,改善されたガバナンスと統合された管理により,より危険な出来事による影響が軽減されたことが示されました.
結論:
- 現在のリスク管理戦略は 極端で前例のない水文現象には 十分ではありません
- 強化されたガバナンスと統合管理への投資は,レジリエンスの改善に不可欠です.
- 極端な事象の頻度が増加しているため,適応的で堅実なリスク管理方法が必要です.
関連する概念動画
Responses to Drought and Flooding
10.9K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
10.9K
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment
95
Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
95
Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response
143
Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is essential for risk identification, action prioritization, and resource optimization in critical situations like flooding and earthquakes. By integrating spatial and demographic data, GIS provides a comprehensive framework for emergency response.GIS integrates data layers, like rainfall intensity, topography, elevation profiles, and river levels, to model high-risk flood zones. These layers assess areas susceptible to flooding based on their...
143
What is Climate?
18.8K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
18.8K
Threats to Biodiversity
22.8K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.8K
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
26.2K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
26.2K

