保存されたバクテロイドス抗体は,抗炎症性腸内Tリンパ球を誘発する
Djenet Bousbaine1,2,3, Laura I Fisch2, Mariya London4
1Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 4, 2022
まとめ
研究者らは,腸内細菌によって生成されるβ-ヘクソサミナゼ酵素が,特定の免疫細胞 (CD4IELs) の発達を促すことを発見しました. これらの細胞は免疫系を調節し 腸の炎症から守ります
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 微生物群の研究
- 胃腸内科
背景:
- 腸内微生物群は 免疫系の発達に不可欠です
- 腸内CD4+Tリンパ球は,共生細菌に反応して,調節細胞または効果細胞に微分化します.
- CD4とCD8ααホモディマー (CD4IELs) を共発するCD4+T細胞の発達は微生物群に依存する.
研究 の 目的:
- CD4IELの分化を促進する微生物の抗原を特定する.
- 腸内免疫反応の形成における 特定の微生物の役割を理解する
主な方法:
- マウスモデルを使ってCD4IELの差異化について研究した.
- β-ヘクソサミナゼが 重要な微生物の駆動因子として特定されました
- 大腸炎モデルにおけるβ-ヘクソサミニダゼ特異性リンパ球の保護効果を評価した.
主要な成果:
- バクテロイドス菌に共通するβ-ヘクソサミナゼを,CD4IELの分化における重要な因子として特定した.
- β-ヘクソサミニダゼ特異性T細胞がマウスの腸内炎症に防御することを実証した.
- 単一の特異性を持つT細胞が 多種多様な共生体を見分けることができることを示した.
結論:
- β-ヘクソサミニダゼは,規制性CD4IELの分化を誘導する微生物抗原である.
- β-ヘクソサミニダゼのような特定の微生物酵素をターゲットにすることで 腸内炎症の管理に役立つ戦略が生まれます
- 単一のT細胞特異性は,腸内共生体に対する広範な調節性免疫応答を媒介する.
さらに関連する動画
08:37Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice
Published on: April 21, 2015
16.8K
06:57Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
Published on: September 18, 2016
9.1K
関連する概念動画
01:31Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
1.5K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.5K
01:24Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF
223
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
223
01:23Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells
2.7K
The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
2.7K
01:30Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy
401
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
401
01:27Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis
301
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
301
01:30Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease
367
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
367