関連する実験動画
Updated: Sep 2, 2025

07:58
Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood
Published on: July 11, 2019
7.5K
ヒトリンパ球における多様な変異の風景
Heather E Machado1, Emily Mitchell1,2, Nina F Øbro2,3,4
1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Nature
|August 10, 2022
まとめ
正常なリンパ球は,分化および免疫反応の間にプログラムされたおよび対象外なゲノム変化のために,幹細胞よりも多くの変異を蓄積する. 健康なB細胞の変異パターンは,B細胞がんの変異パターンに似ています.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクス
- 免疫学
- 癌 生物学
背景:
- リンパ細胞のゲノムは プログラムされた変異,増殖,環境要因から 常に脅威にさらされています
- 正常なリンパ球のゲノム構造を理解することは,リンパ球関連疾患の解読に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 様々な正常なリンパ球のサブセットにおける全ゲノム変異を包括的に分析し,血液形成性幹細胞と比較する.
- 免疫プロセスと環境被害の標的外効果を含む突然変異の源と負担を特定する.
主な方法:
- 全ゲノム配列解析で 717個の正常なナイブ細胞と記憶細胞のB細胞とT細胞が 血液形成の幹細胞と並べられました
- 単細胞リンパ球培養のプロトコル開発
主要な成果:
- リンパ球のサブセットは,血液形成幹細胞よりも高い点変異と構造変異負荷を示し,メモリー細胞はネイブ細胞よりも高い負荷を有する.
- T細胞は生涯にわたって突然変異を蓄積し,標的外免疫多様化は ~50%の分化に関連した突然変異を構成する.
- リンパ球は幹細胞の16倍もの構造変化を示し,紫外線やその他のプロセスは記憶細胞に重大な変異をもたらします.
結論:
- 正常なリンパ球の変異の風景は,免疫多様化と環境被曝の間に標的外ゲノム工学を反映しています.
- 正常なB細胞の変異パターンは,B細胞がんの変異パターンと類似しており,共通する変異過程を示唆しています.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
Mismatch Repair
5.1K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
5.1K
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell
12.5K
Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
12.5K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
758
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
758
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues
1.5K
Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
1.5K
Spontaneous and Induced Mutations
124
Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
124
Mutations in Microorganisms
67
Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
67

