巨大衝突と大陸の起源と進化
Tim E Johnson1,2, Christopher L Kirkland3, Yongjun Lu4,5
1School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, the Institute for Geoscience Research, Timescales of Mineral Systems Group, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. tim.johnson@curtin.edu.au.
Nature
|August 10, 2022
まとめ
地球の大陸は3つの段階で形成され 巨大衝突と水熱による変化の影響を受けた 古代ジルコンの結晶の分析により ピルバラ・クレートンの形成過程が明らかになりました
科学分野:
- 地質科学,特にプレキャンブリアン地質学と地化学
- 地球の初期状態と大陸の形成に焦点を当てた惑星科学
背景:
- 地球は大陸を持つことでユニークですが,その起源と進化は十分に理解されていません.
- 西オーストラリアのピルバラ・クレートンは,アルカイア・イオン (40億~25億年前) の初期の地球大陸の残骸である.
研究 の 目的:
- ピルバラ・クレートンの形成と進化を明らかにし,初期の大陸の地殻の発展を洞察する.
- 新興大陸の形成における 巨大衝突と水熱過程の役割を調査する
主な方法:
- ピルバラ・クレートンから採取されたマグマチックジルコンの結晶における酸素同位体組成 (δ18O) の分析.
- 巨大衝突や地殻の変異などの地質的な出来事とのジルコンの年齢の相関
主要な成果:
- 36~34億年前のジルコンは,進化したマグマが水熱的に変化した玄武岩地殻と相互作用し,おそらく巨大な衝撃によって引き起こされたことを示すサブマントル δ 18 O を示す.
- 巨大衝突の証拠と一致し,その影響が続くことを示唆している.
- 後期ジルコンは (3.4-3.0 Ga と<3.0 Ga) 進化する大陸の核から派生したマグマの結晶化と,その後の地殻岩のリサイクルを明らかにする.
結論:
- ピルバラ・クラトンの大陸地殻の形成は3つの異なる段階で行われ,隕石の衝突と海洋熱水変化によって強く影響を受けた.
- 初期の段階では,衝撃によって引き起こされた浅い融解が起こり,マフィック・ウルトラマフィックの核が形成された.
- 後の段階では地表の岩石をリサイクルし,現代の大陸地殻の発展に貢献した.
関連する概念動画
What is Evolutionary History?
39.4K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
39.4K
Impact
189
Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
189
The Evidence for Evolution
43.4K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
43.4K
Global Climate Change
24.7K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.7K
The Colonization of Land
35.1K
Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...
35.1K
The Fossil Record
25.4K
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
25.4K


