霊長類の背側前頭皮質の分子と細胞の進化
Shaojie Ma1, Mario Skarica1, Qian Li1
1Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 25, 2022
まとめ
研究者らは4種の霊長類の 背側前頭皮質 (dlPFC) の 細胞を60万個以上マッピングしました 種特有の細胞サブタイプと 分子差異を発見し 脳の認知における 進化的変化を明らかにしました
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 進化生物学
- ゲノミクス
背景:
- 粒状ドロソラテラル前頭皮質 (dlPFC) は,特に霊長類において,認知のための重要な脳領域である.
- dlPFCの進化を理解するには,種間の詳細な細胞および分子比較が必要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 成人ヒト,チンパンジー,マカック,マモセットの細胞レパートリーを総合的に調査する.
- これらの霊長類の種間で保存され,異なる細胞サブタイプと分子特性を識別する.
- 神経細胞と膠質細胞における遺伝子発現パターンを含め,種特有の分子差異を調査する.
主な方法:
- 単核RNAシーケンシング (snRNA-seq) は,4種の霊長類のdlPFCから600,000以上の細胞で実施された.
- 細胞サブタイプを定義し,種間の分子プロフィールを比較するために,トランスクリプトミックのデータを分析した.
- ソマトスタチン,チロシンヒドロキシラーゼ,FOXP2を含む特定の遺伝子は,種特有の発現パターンを調べました.
主要な成果:
- ほとんどのdlPFC細胞サブタイプは,研究された霊長類の種間で保存されています.
- いくつかの細胞サブタイプは種特有であることが判明しました.
- ヒト特異的なソマトスタチンとチロシン水酸化酵素の発現,およびマイクログリアにおけるヒト特異的なFOXP2発現を含む同種のニューロン,グリアル,および非ニューラル細胞のサブタイプにおいて,実質的な分子差異が観察されました.
結論:
- dlPFCの細胞レパートリーは,人類類の霊長類の保全と分岐の両方を示しています.
- dlPFC細胞の種別分子差異は,認知の専門化に寄与する可能性がある.
- この研究は,霊長類の認知と脳の障害の進化を理解するための基本的なリソースを提供します.
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