プレイストセンの後期から陸上の哺乳類の食物網の崩壊
Evan C Fricke1,2,3, Chia Hsieh1, Owen Middleton4
1Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 25, 2022
まとめ
世界的な食物網は 主に人間による絶滅や 範囲の縮小によって 53%のリンクを失っています 既存の種の回復は 複雑な食物網を回復する道を示しています
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 古生物学
- 保護生物学
背景:
- 食物網は生態系の健康と多様性にとって 極めて重要です
- 化石のデータが限られているため,過去のデファウネーションが食物網の複雑性に及ぼす影響は十分に理解されていません.
- 現代の物種絶滅は 生態系を単純化し続けています
研究 の 目的:
- 地球上の陸生哺乳類の食物網を 過去13万年にわたって再構築する
- 食物網の複雑性に対する過去と現在のデフォナーションの影響を定量化する.
- 食物網の簡素化と潜在的回復戦略の推進要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 絶滅した哺乳類と現存する哺乳類の特徴データ,地理的範囲,捕食者-獲物の相互作用を利用した.
- 歴史的なフードウェブ構造を推測するために ディープラーニングモデルを使用した.
- 人口増加に関連した食物網のリンクの変化を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 地球上の哺乳類の食物網は 世界的に複雑性が著しく低下しました
- 絶滅は世界の食糧ネットワークの 53%を減少させたと推定されています
- 絶滅と生息範囲の縮小の両方が 食物網の劣化に大きく貢献しました
結論:
- 人類の活動により 哺乳類の食物網は 過去13万年にわたって 劇的に簡素化されています
- 絶滅が主な要因でしたが 生き残った種の範囲の減少は 食物網の構造にも深刻な影響を及ぼしました
- 複合的な食物網を再構築するための 実行可能な戦略です
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