寄生虫に対する病理的免疫反応の進化的獲得と喪失

Jesse N Weber¹, Natalie C Steinel¹, Foen Peng²

¹Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 8, 2022

まとめ

自然淘汰は寄生虫の抵抗性を失うことを好む免疫が高価な場合スリースピン・スティックバックでは集団が異なる免疫戦略を進化させホストの健康コストと抗性の恩恵を均衡させました

科学分野:

進化生物学
免疫学
エコロジー

背景:

寄生虫は宿主に害を与えます
選択は通常宿主の抵抗を好みますが,高価な免疫反応はこれを複雑にすることができます.
免疫コストにより,代替的な安定状態 (耐性対耐性) が発生する可能性があります.

研究の目的:

免疫コストと抵抗の進化パターンを調査する.
自然集団における適応的抵抗喪失を検証する.
宿主と寄生虫の相互作用が免疫の進化をどのように形作るのかを理解する

主な方法:

人口ゲノム分析
ゲノムマッピングは3つの脊椎のスチールバックで
ホスト-寄生虫の相互作用の現象分析

主要な成果:

スリースピン・スティックルバックは,淡水植民地化時にコストード (Schistocephalus solidus) に対して抵抗力を獲得した.
費用のかかる免疫反応 (腹膜線維症/炎症) は寄生虫の増殖を抑制するが,宿主の受精性を低下させる.
選択の圧力によって耐性や耐性のあるスチークルバックの遺伝的差異が生まれました

結論:

ホスト-寄生虫の共進化は免疫戦略の異なる選択につながります
適応性のある抵抗の喪失は免疫が高価なときに進化的に実行可能な結果です
免疫系の進化において異なった最適化が見られます

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