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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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メタボライトによる抗腫瘍免疫

James A Nathan1

  • 1Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 29, 2022
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

重要なエネルギー経路であるT細胞の糖分分解を阻害することで,腫瘍代謝物質は癌の免疫を乱します. この代謝干渉は,腫瘍細胞を排除する免疫システムの能力を低下させます.

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科学分野:

  • 生物化学
  • 免疫学
  • 代謝腫瘍学

背景:

  • 癌細胞は 代謝をプログラムして 成長を促進し 免疫監視を回避します
  • T細胞は,腫瘍細胞の殺戮を含むエフェクタ機能のために,糖分解に依存しています.
  • 腫瘍代謝物質は腫瘍によって生成され,がんの進行を促す代謝物質です.

研究 の 目的:

  • T細胞機能に対する特定のオンメタボリットの影響を調査する.
  • オンコメタボライトがT細胞媒介による癌細胞の殺戮を阻害できるかどうかを判断する.
  • オンメタボライトがT細胞活動に影響を与える代謝メカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

  • T細胞とがん細胞の細胞培養モデルを使用した.
  • オンコメタボリトで治療されたT細胞におけるグリコリシス率の測定
  • 腫瘍標的に対するT細胞破壊能力の評価
  • オンコメタボリットの影響を受けた代謝経路を分析した.

主要な成果:

  • オンコメタボリットはT細胞の糖分分解を著しく抑制した.
  • T細胞の糖分分解の障害は,T細胞が癌細胞を殺すのを減少させた.
  • オンコメタボリットは,糖分解経路の重要な酵素に直接干渉した.
  • オンコメタボリットを発現する腫瘍細胞は,免疫回避を強めた.

結論:

  • 腫瘍代謝剤はT細胞代謝を標的として抗腫瘍免疫を抑制する.
  • T細胞の糖分分解の抑制は,がんの免疫回避の新しいメカニズムを表しています.
  • 代謝媒介による代謝障害をターゲットにすることで,新しいがん免疫療法戦略を提供できる.