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関連する概念動画

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments01:14

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments

3.0K
The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
3.0K
Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

5.4K
Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate....
5.4K
Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

Actin Filament Depolymerization

3.2K
Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
3.2K
Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

2.4K
Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
2.4K
Actin Polymerization01:42

Actin Polymerization

6.8K
Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
6.8K
Introduction to Actin01:26

Introduction to Actin

5.3K
Actin is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein found abundantly in eukaryotic cells. It constitutes 10% weight of the total cellular protein in muscle cells, while in non-muscle cells, it is lower and makes up around 1–5 percent of the total cell protein. Actin found in the unicellular amoebae and complex multicellular animals is around 80% similar, demonstrating their conservation over a billion years of evolution.  Actin coding genes are conserved within species and across...
5.3K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Aip1p Dynamics Are Altered by the R256H Mutation in Actin
08:57

Aip1p Dynamics Are Altered by the R256H Mutation in Actin

Published on: July 30, 2014

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アクチンの成熟にはACTMAP/C19orf54プロテアゼが必要です.

Peter Haahr1,2, Ricardo A Galli3, Lisa G van den Hengel1,4

  • 1Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 29, 2022
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らは,ACTMAPを翻訳後のメチオニンを除去することによってアクチンを成熟させる酵素と特定しました. この欠乏は未熟なアクチン,筋肉の繊維の短縮,およびマウスにおける筋病の特徴につながる.

さらに関連する動画

In Vitro Polymerization of F-actin on Early Endosomes
12:15

In Vitro Polymerization of F-actin on Early Endosomes

Published on: August 28, 2017

9.1K
A Time-Efficient Fluorescence Spectroscopy-Based Assay for Evaluating Actin Polymerization Status in Rodent and Human Brain Tissues
06:54

A Time-Efficient Fluorescence Spectroscopy-Based Assay for Evaluating Actin Polymerization Status in Rodent and Human Brain Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2021

4.3K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Aug 27, 2025

Aip1p Dynamics Are Altered by the R256H Mutation in Actin
08:57

Aip1p Dynamics Are Altered by the R256H Mutation in Actin

Published on: July 30, 2014

8.0K
In Vitro Polymerization of F-actin on Early Endosomes
12:15

In Vitro Polymerization of F-actin on Early Endosomes

Published on: August 28, 2017

9.1K
A Time-Efficient Fluorescence Spectroscopy-Based Assay for Evaluating Actin Polymerization Status in Rodent and Human Brain Tissues
06:54

A Time-Efficient Fluorescence Spectroscopy-Based Assay for Evaluating Actin Polymerization Status in Rodent and Human Brain Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2021

4.3K

科学分野:

  • 生物化学
  • 分子生物学
  • 細胞生物学

背景:

  • タンパク質合成は通常,メチオニンで始まり,通常はトランスレーションで除去されます.
  • 細胞質アクチンは,未知の酵素によってアセチル化メチオニンの除去を含むユニークな翻訳後の改変を経験する.

研究 の 目的:

  • アクチンの非正規の翻訳後の改変に 責任のある酵素を特定する.
  • アクチン成熟におけるこの酵素のインビボ機能と筋肉生理におけるその役割を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 遺伝子スクリーニングと生化学分析による酵素識別
  • 特定された酵素を欠いたノックアウトマウスの生成と分析
  • ミュータントマウスにおける細胞骨格構造,アクチンフィラメント長さ,筋肉機能,および組織学的特徴の評価.

主要な成果:

  • ACTMAP (アクチン成熟プロテアゼ) と指定されたC19orf54は,アクチンからアセチルメチオニンを除去する酵素として特定されました.
  • ACTMAPの消去により,すべての組織に不成熟なアクチンが生じた.
  • ACTMAP欠乏したマウスの骨格筋は,サルコメリックアクチンフィラメントが短く,筋肉の機能が低下し,中心核の漸進的な蓄積がみられ,ミオパシーを示唆した.

結論:

  • ACTMAPは成熟した細胞質アクチンの生成に不可欠な酵素です.
  • ACTMAPは正常なアクチンフィラメントの長さと筋肉の機能を維持する上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • ACTMAPの欠乏は,アクチン関連のミオパシーにつながる.