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Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

9.9K
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

6.1K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.1K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

3.7K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

5.9K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.9K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

6.1K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells
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抑制と3D再構成は,進化的に再編成されたゲノムにおける規制の衝突を解決する

Alessa R Ringel1, Quentin Szabo2, Andrea M Chiariello3

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Cell
|September 30, 2022
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

新しい遺伝子は既存の規制領域に 統合されても 破壊されない. 特定の文脈でのDNAメチル化は干渉を防止し,独立した遺伝子発現と進化の柔軟性を可能にします.

キーワード:
3Dゲノム組織CTCF についてDNAメチル化結束性発達遺伝子調節強化剤と促進剤の特異性進化についてラミナ関連領域ループエクストルーショントポロジカルな関連ドメイン

さらに関連する動画

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

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A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
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3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells
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Published on: January 25, 2020

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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

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A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
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科学分野:

  • ゲノミクス
  • 発達生物学
  • 進化生物学

背景:

  • 開発中の遺伝子発現には 規制環境が不可欠です
  • 新しい遺伝子の組み込む過程で規制の整合性を維持することは,十分に理解されていません.
  • トポロジカル・アソシエイトドメイン (TAD) はゲノムを組織し,遺伝子調節に影響を与えます.

研究 の 目的:

  • 哺乳類特有の遺伝子 (Zfp42) が,既存の遺伝子 (Fat1) の発現に影響を与えることなく,古代のTADに統合された方法を調査する.
  • 進化の過程で共有された TAD 内の独立した遺伝子調節を維持するメカニズムを解明する.
  • TADs内の規制の複雑性が一般的な進化現象であるかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

  • 胚性幹細胞 (ESC) と胚性肢体におけるZfp42とFat1の遺伝子発現と調節メカニズムを調査した.
  • 分析されたクロマチン活性,CTCF/コヘシン結合,増強剤活性,DNAメチル化パターン.
  • TADの分割と核封筒の取り付けを検証した.
  • TADs内の遺伝子分布の全ゲノム分析を行った.

主要な成果:

  • Zfp42 と Fat1 は ESC で TAD 分割によって物理的に分離され,独立した発現を誘導する明確な強化剤があります.
  • CTCF/コヘシンではなく,クロマチンの活動がESCの分離を促している.
  • 胚の肢体では,Zfp42はFat1のTAD内で不活性であり,Fat1強化剤には反応しない.
  • 文脈に依存するDNAメチル化で 強化剤の不適合性や核結合は Zfp42の反応不全を 説明している
  • ほとんどのTADはゲノム全体で複数の独立した発現遺伝子を含んでいます.

結論:

  • クロマチンの活性と文脈依存のDNAメチル化を含む様々なメカニズムは,既存のロシ内に独立して調節される遺伝子の統合を容易にする.
  • TAD内の規制の複雑さは,脊椎動物の進化の共通の特徴です.
  • この研究は,ゲノムが新しい遺伝子をどのように取り入れ,同時に規則的整合性を維持するかについての洞察を提供します.