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関連する概念動画

The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

16.6K
DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
16.6K
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

1.1K
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
1.1K
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

9.4K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
9.4K
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

4.5K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.5K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.7K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
13.7K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

14.2K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
14.2K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Efficient Nucleosome Reconstitution for Single-Molecule Techniques
05:58

Author Spotlight: Efficient Nucleosome Reconstitution for Single-Molecule Techniques

Published on: September 6, 2024

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PIC-メディエーター複合体の構造

Xizi Chen1, Xinxin Wang1, Weida Liu1

  • 1Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 6, 2022
PubMed
まとめ

+1核体は,エウカリオットプロモーターのプリイニシエーション複合体 (PIC) とメディエーターを組織し,転写の開始を促進する. この核細胞はバリアとして作用しますが,その特定の結合パターンはPIC-Mediatorアセンブリを調整する鍵です.

さらに関連する動画

Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging
09:52

Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging

Published on: January 31, 2019

11.7K
Preparation of Nucleosome Core Particles Complexed with DNA Repair Factors for Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structural Determination
07:59

Preparation of Nucleosome Core Particles Complexed with DNA Repair Factors for Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structural Determination

Published on: August 17, 2022

1.9K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Efficient Nucleosome Reconstitution for Single-Molecule Techniques
05:58

Author Spotlight: Efficient Nucleosome Reconstitution for Single-Molecule Techniques

Published on: September 6, 2024

1.2K
Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging
09:52

Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging

Published on: January 31, 2019

11.7K
Preparation of Nucleosome Core Particles Complexed with DNA Repair Factors for Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structural Determination
07:59

Preparation of Nucleosome Core Particles Complexed with DNA Repair Factors for Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structural Determination

Published on: August 17, 2022

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • エピジェネティクス
  • 遺伝子規制

背景:

  • ユカリオットの転写開始には,コアプロモーターでのプレイニシエーション複合体 (PIC) の組み立てが含まれます.
  • 転写開始部位 (TSS) の下流に位置する+1核体は,転写障壁として認識されている.
  • ニュクレオソームと転写機構の相互作用を理解することは,遺伝子調節を解読するために極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • クロマチンのPIC-メディエーター組織の分子メカニズムを解明する.
  • PIC-Mediatorアセンブリの調整における+1核子の構造的役割を調査する.
  • 転写開始に +1 核子がどのように影響するかを明らかにする.

主な方法:

  • PIC-Mediatorの高解像度構造分析が +1 ヌクレオソームに結合している.
  • 結合偏好と相互作用を決定する生化学的測定法
  • クロマチンの免疫流出を in vivoで研究する.

主要な成果:

  • PIC-Mediatorは,TSSの40塩基対下流に位置するT40N核体を優先的に結合する.
  • T50Nとの特定の接触は観察されたが,T70Nの核分裂は観察されなかった.
  • +1核体は,TFIIHサブユニットp52とメディエーターサブユニットMED19とMED26を結合することで,PIC-メディエーターの組織化を促進する.

結論:

  • +1核体は,転写の開始を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • PIC-Mediatorの複数の核細胞結合パターンは,アセンブリの調整における構造的役割を強調する.
  • この研究は,クロマチンのPIC-メディエーター組織を制御する複雑な分子機構を明らかにします.