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The Soil Ecosystem02:23

The Soil Ecosystem

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Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:
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Threats to Biodiversity01:50

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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
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Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
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Soil Lysimeter Excavation for Coupled Hydrological, Geochemical, and Microbiological Investigations
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土壌自然保護のためのグローバルホットスポット

Carlos A Guerra1,2,3, Miguel Berdugo4, David J Eldridge5

  • 1German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. carlos.guerra@idiv.de.

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|October 12, 2022
PubMed
まとめ

地球規模での土壌評価では 生物多様性や生態系サービスの 独特の保全ホットスポットが明らかになっています これらの多様な土壌機能を保護するには 地域特有のニーズを理解し 保護のギャップに対処する必要があります

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科学分野:

  • 土壌科学
  • エコロジー
  • 保護生物学

背景:

  • 土壌は陸上の生態系にとって不可欠ですが,地球規模での土壌保全の優先順位は 十分に確立されていません.
  • 既存の保全活動は,生物多様性や生態系サービスを含む土壌システムの多面性をしばしば無視しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 複数の生態学的な次元で土壌自然保護のためのグローバルホットスポットを特定する.
  • これらのホットスポットが保護区で覆われていることと,地球規模の変化に対する脆弱性を評価する.

主な方法:

  • すべての大陸で表土のサンプル (n=615) を対象に世界的なフィールド調査を実施した.
  • 観察された土壌の生物多様性 (古生物,細菌,真菌,原生類,無脊椎動物) と生態系サービスに不可欠な機能.
  • 分析された種の豊かさ (アルファ多様性),コミュニティの不一致,生態系サービスの提供.

主要な成果:

  • 土壌の生態学的な側面は,対照的な地球上の地域においてピークに達しました.温帯の種の豊かさ,熱帯のコミュニティの違い,そして高緯度の生態系サービスです.
  • 特定された土壌保全ホットスポットのほとんどは不十分な保護を受けている (70%以上は保護されていない).
  • これらのホットスポットは,様々な世界的な変化のシナリオの下で,重大な脆弱性に直面しています.

結論:

  • 土壌の複数の生態学的側面を 同時に保護することは 複雑な課題を提示します
  • 土壌の生物多様性と生態系サービスに対する多面的なアプローチは,土壌の効果的な保全に不可欠です.
  • 脆弱な土壌のホットスポットを 将来の世代のために保護するために 緊急の保全戦略が必要です