核の抑止力を超えた
PubMedで要約を見る
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。最近の脅威により,世界的な核軍縮の取り組みは,新たな緊急性に直面しています. 世界的な核軍縮を 実現可能で望ましいものにするための道を探るためには 新しい科学的研究が不可欠です
科学分野
- 国際関係
- 政治科学
- セキュリティ研究
背景
- 1962年のキューバ・ミサイル危機は 核戦争の脅威を強調した.
- 危機後の数十年で 核拡散防止に注力しました
- 最近の地政学的な出来事は 核兵器の絶え間ない危険を強調しています
研究 の 目的
- 核リスク削減に関する新たな科学的調査の緊急性に対処する.
- 世界的な核軍縮を達成するために必要な条件を探求する.
- 現代における世界規模の核軍縮の実現可能性と望みを評価する.
主な方法
- 歴史的な核危機のダイナミクスの分析
- 核不拡散及び核軍縮に関する既存の枠組みの検討
- 軍縮のための地政学的インセンティブの理論的モデル化.
主要な成果
- キューバ・ミサイル危機の遺産は 核リスクの評価を継続しています
- 現在の地政学的緊張は 核の脅威が依然として重要であることを示しています
- 軍縮の実現可能性に関する現代の研究には重大なギャップがある.
結論
- 世界的な核軍縮には 新しい科学的なアプローチが必要です
- 望ましいことと実現可能性の条件を理解することは極めて重要です.
- 現代の核の危険を回避するには,緊急に研究が必要です.
関連する概念動画
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons...
The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...

