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Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

60.9K
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
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Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
3.2K
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
1.3K
Affinity and Avidity01:41

Affinity and Avidity

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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

4.0K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
4.0K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

731
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
731

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Single-cell Screening Method for the Selection and Recovery of Antibodies with Desired Specificities from Enriched Human Memory B Cell Populations
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Single-cell Screening Method for the Selection and Recovery of Antibodies with Desired Specificities from Enriched Human Memory B Cell Populations

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機能性抗体は軽鎖相合性を示す

David B Jaffe1, Payam Shahi2, Bruce A Adams2

  • 110x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, USA. 99.david.b.jaffe@gmail.com.

Nature
|October 26, 2022
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

機能性抗体は,重鎖が主として軽鎖の使用を決定する"軽鎖相関性"を示し,偶然に再発する素朴な抗体とは異なり, これは適応免疫における 決定的プロセスを示しています

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Single-cell Screening Method for the Selection and Recovery of Antibodies with Desired Specificities from Enriched Human Memory B Cell Populations
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Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody
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科学分野:

  • 免疫学
  • 遺伝学
  • 分子生物学

背景:

  • 適応性免疫システムは,V(D) J再結合によって抗体の多様性を生み出します.
  • 抗体は重鎖と軽鎖で構成され,それぞれが抗原結合に不可欠な補完性決定領域 (CDR) を有する.
  • 一般的なクローン型 B細胞は同一の重鎖とCDRH3配列を共有し,個体間で発見される.

研究 の 目的:

  • 公衆のクローン型における重鎖と軽鎖の遺伝子使用との関連を調査する.
  • 抗体の機能的状態 (素朴な対記憶) が軽鎖の選択に影響するかどうかを決定する.
  • 観察されたパターンがV(D) J再結合と免疫選択に及ぼす影響を調べる.

主な方法:

  • 異なるドナーからの公共のクローン型における重鎖と軽鎖の遺伝子使用の分析
  • ネイブとメモリB細胞の遺伝子利用確率の比較
  • 個々のドナーにおける重鎖再発の検討

主要な成果:

  • 素朴な抗体は,公共のクローンタイプ内で同じ軽鎖V遺伝子を共有する確率は低い (~10%).
  • 記憶 (機能) 抗体は,同じ軽鎖V遺伝子を共有する高い確率 (~80%) を表す.
  • この一貫性は,単一のドナー内の繰り返し発生する類似の重鎖でも観察されます.

結論:

  • 素朴な抗体の再発はストキャスティックで,機能的な抗体は有意な決定性を示します.
  • 機能性抗体における軽鎖の相関性は,軽鎖の選択に重鎖の強い影響を示唆する.
  • これらの発見は,V(D) J再結合と適応免疫選択のプロセスにおける制約と決定的要因を強調しています.