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ヒトのレトロウイルス由来タンパク質の進化と抗ウイルス活性
John A Frank1, Manvendra Singh1, Harrison B Cullen1
1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 27, 2022
まとめ
ヒト内生レトロウイルスは,ウイルス感染症に対する防御を提供します. これらのレトロウイルスから派生したSuppressynと呼ばれるタンパク質は,人間の発達初期に発現し,レトロウイルス感染を制限します.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクス
- ウイルス学
- 免疫学
背景:
- 哺乳類のゲノムには,古代の感染症の内生レトロウイルス (ERV) が豊富に含まれています.
- いくつかの哺乳類のERVエンベロープタンパク質は,外来ウイルスに対する保護を与えます.
- 内生的に発現するヒトERVのこの保護的役割は十分に文書化されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- ヒト内生レトロウイルス配列がレトロウイルス感染を抑制する可能性を調査する.
- ホスト防御における封筒由来タンパク質の機能を特徴づける.
主な方法:
- ヒトゲノムの分析 封筒由来の配列 制限の可能性
- ヒト組織におけるSuppressyn発現の特徴
- 既存のレトロウイルスに対するSuppressynおよびそのホミノイド・オートログの抗ウイルス活性をテストする細胞培養試験.
主要な成果:
- 人間のゲノムはレトロウイルス感染を制限できる多数の封筒由来配列を有しています.
- Suppressynは,ヒトの移植前の胚と胎盤に,その祖先のレトロウイルスプロモーターを通じて発現する.
- サプレシンと関連するホミノイドタンパク質は,哺乳類のD型レトロウイルスによる感染を抑制する.
結論:
- 宿主免疫とゲノム防衛のために内生レトロウイルス包膜タンパク質を併用することができます.
- Suppressynは,ヒトにおけるERV由来抗ウイルス防御の機能的な例です.
- この研究は,宿主保護のためのレトロウイルス封筒利用のより広範なモデルをサポートしています.
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