細胞外液の粘度が細胞の移動と癌の拡散を促進する
Kaustav Bera1,2, Alexander Kiepas1,2, Inês Godet1,3
1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Nature
|November 3, 2022
まとめ
細胞外液の高粘性は,メカニカルな変化を誘発することによって,癌細胞の運動性と拡散を高めます. 癌細胞はTRPV4に依存する機械的記憶を発達させ,長期にわたる移動と植民を促す.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学
- バイオ物理学
- 癌 研究
背景:
- 細胞は硬さや 切断性ストレスなどの 物理的な信号を感知します
- 細胞外液の粘性は,がんを含む生理学的および病理学的状態における重要な物理的要因である.
- 粘度ががんの生物学と細胞の感知メカニズムに与える影響は,ほとんど不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 細胞外粘度が癌細胞の行動に 影響するかを調べる
- 細胞が粘度変化を感知し反応する分子のメカニズムを解明する.
- 癌細胞の特性や転移の可能性に 粘度が与える長期的影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 3D腫瘍の球体と同様に2Dの表面と閉じ込めの細胞培養を用いた.
- アクチン細胞骨格,ARP2/3複合体,およびエズリンの役割を調査した.
- Na+/H+交換器1 (NHE1),TRPV4チャネル,およびRHOA信号の関与を分析した.
- ヒッポ経路を含む転写の変化を,粘度に対応して調べました.
- 細胞の移動,拡散,コロニー化 in vivoモデル (ゼブラ魚,チキの胚,マウス) を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 逆説的に 細胞の運動性と腫瘍からの拡散を増加させます
- 粘度による機械的負荷の増加はARP2/3に依存するアクチンネットワークを誘発する.
- このネットワークはNHE1の二極化を促進し,細胞の腫れと膜の緊張を引き起こします.
- TRPV4チャネルの活性化により,カルシウム流入が促進され,RHOA依存の収縮性と運動性が促進されます.
- 乳がん細胞におけるTRPV4依存の機械記憶を誘導し,その転移能力を高める.
結論:
- 細胞外粘性は細胞の運動性と癌の進行の重要な物理的調節因子です.
- アクチン,NHE1,TRPV4,RHOAを含む新しいメカニカル伝達経路が粘度に対する反応を媒介する.
- がん細胞における粘度誘発の機械記憶は,長期的な転移の可能性を高めるのに寄与する.
- これらのメカニズムを理解することで 癌の転移における 腫瘍の微小環境の役割について 新たな洞察が得られます
関連する概念動画
Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia
2.4K
Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However,...
2.4K
Cell Migration
5.0K
Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
5.0K
Metastasis
5.7K
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
5.7K
The Tumor Microenvironment
6.7K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
6.7K
Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces
2.7K
In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue.
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
2.7K
Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration
4.8K
A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
4.8K


