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関連する概念動画

pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Pre-mRNA Processing02:01

Pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

ユカリオット前tRNA 5'処理核酵素:複雑な円筒形粒子の共浄化

J G Castaño, R Ornberg, J G Koster

    Cell
    |August 1, 1986
    PubMed
    まとめ

    研究者らは5'処理エンドヌクレアゼであるエウカリオット前駆体転送RNA (pre-tRNA) の構造を特徴づけた. この酵素は,Xenopus laevisの卵巣から隔離され,大きな複合体として存在し,真核生物の保存メカニズムを示唆しています.

    科学分野:

    • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
    • 構造生物学 構造生物学とは
    • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー

    背景:

    • ユカリオット前駆者転送RNA (pre-tRNA) 分子は,特定のエンドヌクレアゼによって5'端処理を受けます.
    • この重要な酵素の構造的な詳細は,ほとんど特徴づけられていないままです.
    • この処理を理解することは,tRNAの成熟と遺伝子発現の調節に不可欠です.

    研究 の 目的:

    • ユカリオット前tRNA5'処理エンドヌクレアゼの構造を特徴づける.
    • この酵素複合体の分子構成と組織を解明する.
    • 特徴づけられた酵素がeukaryotic nucleasesの一般的なクラスを表しているかどうかを判断する.

    主な方法:

    • Xenopus laevisの卵巣から5'前tRNAaseを分離し,浄化する.
    • 関連するタンパク質と複合体の形成を特定するためのコプリフィケーション分析.
    • マクロ分子複合体の生化学的特徴.

    主要な成果:

    • X. laevisの卵巣からの5'前tRNAaseが分離され,16Sマクロ分子複合体と共浄化することが判明しました.
    • この複合体は,分子重量20,000から32,000までの少なくとも14の異なるポリペプチドで構成されています.

    さらに関連する動画

    Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker
    08:12

    Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker

    Published on: January 3, 2019

    Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
    10:59

    Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

    Published on: May 13, 2019

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jul 22, 2026

    Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
    09:16

    Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

    Published on: May 3, 2014

    Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker
    08:12

    Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker

    Published on: January 3, 2019

    Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
    10:59

    Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

    Published on: May 13, 2019

  • ポリペプチドは,円筒状の粒子を形成し,4つのリングのスタックとして組織され,以前に説明された至るところに存在する真核細胞亜細胞粒子に似ています.
  • 同様の共浄化は,HeLa細胞からの酵素でも観察されました.

    • 結論:

    • ユカリオット前tRNA 5'処理エンドヌクレアゼの構造が初めて特徴づけられました.
    • 酵素は,独特の環状構造を持つ大規模な多重ペプチド複合体として存在します.
    • この発見は,Xenopus laevisの酵素が,真核生物の5'前tRNA処理核酸の一般的なクラスの代表であることを示唆し,種全体にわたって保存されたメカニズムを示している.