機械学習を使用して,電気へのアクセスによる生計への影響を評価する
Nathan Ratledge1,2, Gabe Cadamuro3, Brandon de la Cuesta4
1Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Nature
|November 17, 2022
まとめ
衛星画像と機械学習 (ML) は,
科学分野:
- リモートセンシングと人工知能の進歩を経済政策の評価に活用する.
背景:
- 経済データの乏しさは,世界的に効果的な公共政策の策定と評価を妨げています.
- 発展途上地域では 伝統的な方法では データが限られています
研究 の 目的:
- 衛星画像と機械学習 (ML) が政策分析のためのデータ不足を克服する方法を示す.
- ウガンダの地元の生活に対する 電気へのアクセスの因果関係を測定する.
- データが少ない環境で因果推論の信頼性を向上させる.
主な方法:
- 衛星画像とコンピュータビジョンを用いて 地域レベルの生計測定を行っています
- 機械学習 (ML) の推論技術を応用して因果的影響の推定を行う.
- ウガンダの農村部での 電力網拡張のデータを分析しています
主要な成果:
- ウガンダの農村部では ネットワークへのアクセスによって 資産の富が0.15標準偏差で増加すると推定されています
- 電気化は処理されていない地域と比較して,処理された地域の資産の成長率を2倍以上にしました.
- MLベースの推論は従来の方法よりも信頼性の高い因果的な見積もりを示します.
結論:
- ネットワークインフラ投資の経済的影響に関する国規模の証拠を提供します.
- データが限られた環境での政策評価のための低コストで一般化可能な方法論を提供します.
- 統合された地理空間と機械学習のアプローチが社会経済研究に持つ可能性を強調する.
関連する概念動画
01:07Electrical Power
3.1K
Electric power is the product of current and voltage, represented in units of joules per second, or watts. For example, cars often have one or more auxiliary power outlets with which you can charge a cell phone or other electronic devices. These outlets may be rated at 20 amps and 12 volts, so that the circuit can deliver a maximum power of 240 watts. Consider a 25 Watt bulb and a 60 Watt bulb. The conversion of electrical energy produces heat and light, while the kinetic energy lost by the...
3.1K
01:10Electrical Energy
1.3K
Using electric appliances for a longer period of time consumes more electrical energy and results in a higher electric bill. The energy produced by the transfer of electrons from one point to another is known as electrical energy. If power is delivered at a constant rate, the electrical energy can be defined as the product of power used by the device for a period of time. The energy unit on electric bills is the kilowatt-hour, where one kilowatt-hour is equivalent to 3.6 × 106 joules.
1.3K
01:25Distribution Reliability and Automation
145
Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...
145
01:23Maximum Power Flow and Line Loadability
159
The maximum power flow for lossy transmission lines is derived using ABCD parameters in phasor form. These parameters create a matrix relationship between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and currents, allowing the determination of the receiving-end current. This relationship facilitates calculating the complex power delivered to the receiving end, from which real and reactive power components are derived.
159
01:18Steps in Outbreak Investigation
170
In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
170
01:30Simplified Synchronous Machine Model
311
The Synchronous Machine Model is a fundamental tool in analyzing and ensuring the transient stability of power systems. This model simplifies the representation of a synchronous machine under balanced three-phase positive-sequence conditions, assuming constant excitation and ignoring losses and saturation. The model is pivotal for understanding the behavior of synchronous generators connected to a power grid, particularly during transient events.
In this model, each generator is connected to a...
In this model, each generator is connected to a...
311