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オーストラリア の 野火 は オゾン 層 を 枯渇 さ せ まし た
Ross J Salawitch1,2,3, Laura A McBride1,2,4
1Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA.
まとめ
熱帯雨林の火災は 化学反応を引き起こし,大気圏のオゾン層を 枯渇させます この研究は,野火の煙の背後にあるメカニズムを詳細に説明します.
科学分野:
- 大気化学
- 環境科学
背景:
- ストラトスフィアのオゾン層は 地球を有害な紫外線 (UV) から守っています
- 森林火災の頻度と強さは 世界的に増加しています
- 以前の研究では 野火の煙が大気化学に 影響を及ぼす可能性が示唆されていました
研究 の 目的:
- 森林火災の排出が平流層のオゾン層に影響を与える特定のメカニズムを調査する.
- 野火に関連する大気汚染物質のオゾン層破壊の可能性を定量化する.
主な方法:
- ストラトスフィアの野火の煙成分の化学変化をシミュレートするために大気モデリングを使用しました.
- 衛星データを分析して 森林火災とオゾン濃度の変化を 関連付けました
- 主要な種の反応率を決定するために実験室での実験を行いました.
主要な成果:
- オゾン破壊を誘発する森林火災による特定の揮発性有機化合物 (VOC) と窒素酸化物 (NOx)
- 大規模な森林火災の後に 局所的なオゾン薄化が観測された.
- 野火によるエアロゾールの異質なオゾン喪失経路への貢献を定量化した.
結論:
- 熱帯雨林の放出は かつては過小評価されていた ストラトスフィアのオゾン層の 健全性に対する重大な脅威です
- これらのメカニズムの理解は,将来のオゾン回復と大気組成の予測に不可欠です.
- 森林火災の影響を軽減することは,平流層のオゾン保護に不可欠です.
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