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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

5.0K
Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.9K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

4.3K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

4.6K
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
4.6K
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Discovery of Driver Genes in Colorectal HT29-derived Cancer Stem-Like Tumorspheres
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Discovery of Driver Genes in Colorectal HT29-derived Cancer Stem-Like Tumorspheres

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幹細胞と微小環境との交響によって悪性腫瘍を駆動する.

Shaopeng Yuan1, Katherine S Stewart1, Yihao Yang1

  • 1Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.

Nature
|November 30, 2022
PubMed
まとめ

癌幹細胞は 遺伝子発現を再接続し 異常な信号伝達と 交響し 悪性腫瘍を助長します このダイナミックな相互作用は 腫瘍の成長と転移に不可欠な経路を含んでいます

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Tumorsphere Derivation and Treatment from Primary Tumor Cells Isolated from Mouse Rhabdomyosarcomas
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Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma
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Tumorsphere Derivation and Treatment from Primary Tumor Cells Isolated from Mouse Rhabdomyosarcomas
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Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma
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科学分野:

  • 腫瘍学
  • 癌 生物学
  • 分子信号

背景:

  • 状細胞癌は良性パピロマから発症し,RAS-MAPKシグナル伝達によって引き起こされる.
  • 腫瘍のインターフェースにあるがん幹細胞 (CSC) は,治療に抵抗性を持つ.
  • CSCsが良性から侵襲性状細胞癌への進行における役割は完全に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 状細胞がんの進行を促すがん幹細胞の役割とメカニズムを調査する.
  • 悪性変異時にCSCとそのマイクロ環境の間のダイナミックなシグナリングクロストークを解明する.

主な方法:

  • クローン皮膚のHRASG12Vマウスモデルを使用した.
  • 単細胞トランスクリプトミクス,クロマチンの格付け,レンチウイルスリポーター,血統追跡を用いた.
  • CSCと微小環境の相互作用に関与する重要なシグナル伝達経路の機能的検討

主要な成果:

  • CSCにおける腫瘍性RASの活性化により,遺伝子発現の再配線と異常信号のクロストークが引き起こされます.
  • このクロストークは血管新生,TGFβ,レプチン/レプチン受容体,およびPI3K-AKT-mTOR信号伝達経路を活性化します.
  • CSCとマイクロ環境の間のダイナミックな時間的相互作用は,悪性発症の進行に不可欠です.

結論:

  • CSCによって誘導される 異常な非遺伝的細胞間交換が 侵襲性状細胞癌への移行を促します
  • このダイナミックなクロストークを理解することで 進行した癌の 治療対象となる可能性があります
  • CSCと微小環境の相互作用に関する洞察は,がん治療に広範囲に及ぶ.