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2020年のメタンの増加は湿地の排出量と大気沈殿地の変化による
Shushi Peng1,2,3, Xin Lin4, Rona L Thompson5
1Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. speng@pku.edu.cn.
Nature
|December 14, 2022
まとめ
大気中のメタンのレベルは,自然湿地の排出量増加と大気沈殿地の弱まりにより,2020年に意外と急上昇しました. これは,メタンが気候変動に敏感であることと,排出削減の取り組みにおいて窒素酸化物の傾向を考慮する必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 大気化学と気候科学
- 環境モニタリングと分析
背景:
- 大気中のメタンの濃度は2020年に前例のない増加を示し,年間10億分の15.1±0.4に達した.
- この急増は,COVID-19のロックダウン期間中にヒトによるメタン排出量の減少の可能性にもかかわらず発生した.
研究 の 目的:
- 2019年と比較して2020年のメタン源と大気吸収量の変化を定量化する.
- 2020年に観測された異常なメタンの成長率の背後にある主な要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 人為,火災,湿地の発生源を区別して,世界のメタン排出量を分析する.
- 大気中のメタンシンク,特にヒドロキシル基 (OH) の濃度の変化の定量化.
- 排出量と除去率を推論するために大気逆転モデルを使用した.
主要な成果:
- 世界的な人為的なメタン排出量は1.2 ± 0.1 Tg CH4 yr-1で,火災排出量は6.5 ± 0.1 Tg CH4 yr-1で減少した.
- 湿地のメタンの排出量は,6.0 ± 2.3 Tg CH4 yr-1で大幅に増加しました.
- トロポスフィアのOH濃度は1. 6±0. 2%減少し,メタンの除去は7. 5±0. 8Tg CH4 yr-1減少した.
- 総純排出量は6.9 ± 2.1 Tg CH4 yr-1増加し,これはOHシンクが53% ± 10%減少し,自然排出量が47% ± 16%増加したためです.
結論:
- 2020年のメタンの増加率は主に大気吸収量 (OH) の減少と自然湿地の排出量の増加によって引き起こされた.
- 湿地のメタンの排出は,より暖かく湿った気候に敏感であり,潜在的にポジティブなフィードバックループを作成します.
- 窒素酸化物 (NOx) の排出傾向は,世界のメタン排出削減戦略に考慮されなければならない.
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