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関連する概念動画

Induced-fit Model01:13

Induced-fit Model

81.3K
Most chemical reactions in cells require enzymes—biological catalysts that speed up the reaction without being consumed or permanently changed. They reduce the activation energy needed to convert the reactants into products. Enzymes are proteins, that usually work by binding to a substrate—a reactant molecule that they act upon.
Enzymes exhibit substrate specificity, meaning that they can only bind to certain substrates. This is mainly determined by the shape and chemical...
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Introduction to Enzymes01:22

Introduction to Enzymes

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that...
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Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
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Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
Most enzymes...
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Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

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For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
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生体細胞における基板選択性を持つ膜埋め込みマクロ分子触媒

Yingjiao Deng1, Tong Wu1, Xianhui Chen1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 16, 2022
PubMed
まとめ

合成酵素ミミックは細胞内の基質選択性を示します. 研究者らは細胞膜に作用し,特定の分子の標的合成と輸送を可能にするカチオンの濃厚殻ナノ粒子 (DSNP) 触媒を開発した.

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科学分野:

  • バイオミメティック化学
  • ナノテクノロジー
  • 細胞触媒

背景:

  • 酵素は,触媒の重要な特徴である基板選択性を示します.
  • アビオティックな変異のための同様の選択性を持つ合成酵素の模倣を開発することが主要な目標です.
  • これまでの合成ミミックは 生物のシステム内で選択性が欠けていました

研究 の 目的:

  • 酵素を模倣するマクロ分子触媒の *in cellulo* 基板選択性を報告する.
  • 密層ナノ粒子 (DSNP) の構造-活性関係を調査する.
  • 膜内合成と細胞内伝達のための膜埋め込み触媒 (MEC) としてDSNPの適用を実証する.

主な方法:

  • DSNPの構造-活動関係に関する体系的な研究.
  • 充電密度,充電タイプ,粒子の大きさに基づいてDSNP膜親和性の評価.
  • MECとしてフォスフォニウムに富んだDSNPを用いた膜結合の実証.
  • リポフィルおよびアニオン分子に対する基板選択性の評価.

主要な成果:

  • DSNPは,充電特性とサイズによって影響を受け,優れた膜親和性を示す.
  • フォスフォニウムに富んだDSNPは,膜埋め込み触媒 (MEC) として効果的に機能する.
  • DSNP触媒は,膜結合中にリポフィルおよびアニオン基板に対する基板選択性を維持する.
  • 低細胞浸透性アニオン分子が細胞膜で成功して合成され,真核細胞に輸送された.

結論:

  • カチオンのDSNPは,セルロース基板の選択性を持つ効果的な酵素模倣剤として設計することができます.
  • DSNPは膜内合成の効率的な触媒として機能する.
  • この戦略は,膜上の形成と輸送によって,挑戦的な分子の細胞内輸送を容易にする.