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関連する概念動画

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 17, 2026

Generating Transgenic Plants with Single-copy Insertions Using BIBAC-GW Binary Vector
12:08

Generating Transgenic Plants with Single-copy Insertions Using BIBAC-GW Binary Vector

Published on: March 28, 2018

トランポゾンTn9は,統合中に9bpの繰り返し配列を生成する.

L Johnsrud, M P Calos, J H Miller

    Cell
    |December 1, 1978
    PubMed
    まとめ

    トランポゾンTn9は,複数の部位でE. coliのラクオペロンに統合し,好ましい領域を形成する. 挿入は,プロセス中に生成された9塩基対の宿主DNAの繰り返しとリンクされています.

    科学分野:

    • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
    • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
    • 微生物学 微生物学とは

    背景:

    • エシェリキア・コライのラック・オペロンは,遺伝子調節を理解するためのよく研究された遺伝システムです.
    • トランポゾンTn9のようなトランポザブル要素は,遺伝子機能とゲノム構造を変更できる移動性DNA配列です.

    研究 の 目的:

    • E. coli. のラクオペロン内のトランポゾンTn9の挿入を遺伝子的に,そして物理的にマッピングする.
    • 宿主ゲノムへのTn9の統合に関連する配列特性を特徴付けるために.

    主な方法:

    • lacIとlacZ遺伝子の70のTn9挿入の遺伝子マッピング.
    • 挿入部位を分析するための制限マッピング.
    • 3つの独立したTn9挿入のDNAシーケンシング.

    主要な成果:

    • Tn9は,共通の染色体点から発生した,lacIおよびlacZ遺伝子内の少なくとも50の異なった部位への挿入が実証されました.
    • 分析により,局所的な領域内の複数の統合点によって特徴づけられる好ましい挿入領域が明らかになった.
    • 配列分析により,Tn9統合は,挿入時に生成された宿主DNAの9塩基対の直接繰り返しに関連していることが示されました.

    さらに関連する動画

    Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
    08:19

    Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

    Published on: July 7, 2020

    Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
    04:04

    Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

    Published on: January 20, 2023

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: May 17, 2026

    Generating Transgenic Plants with Single-copy Insertions Using BIBAC-GW Binary Vector
    12:08

    Generating Transgenic Plants with Single-copy Insertions Using BIBAC-GW Binary Vector

    Published on: March 28, 2018

    Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
    08:19

    Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

    Published on: July 7, 2020

    Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
    04:04

    Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

    Published on: January 20, 2023

    結論:

    • トランポゾンTn9は,E. coliのラクオペロンへの統合においてサイト特異性を示し,好ましいが複数のターゲットサイトを有する.
    • Tn9の統合メカニズムは,挿入交差点での宿主DNA配列の短い直接繰り返しの生成を伴う.