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Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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プラスチック廃棄物をナフタに変換し,プラスチック循環を閉じる

Lin Li1,2, Hu Luo1, Zilong Shao1,2

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 12, 2023
PubMed
まとめ

この研究では,低密度ポリエチレン (LDPE) を,新しいプラスチックにとって重要な成分であるナフタに変換します. このプラスチックのリサイクル方法は 重要なエネルギー節約と排出量の削減をもたらし 循環型経済を助長します

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科学分野:

  • 化学工学
  • 材料科学
  • 環境科学

背景:

  • プラスチックの汚染は重大な環境問題であり,膨大な資源の浪費につながります.
  • プラスチックのリサイクルに有効な方法を開発することは,持続可能な資源管理と環境への影響の軽減に不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 低密度ポリエチレン (LDPE) をナフタにタンデム触媒変換した報告
  • 再生可能なプラスチック生産の主要な原料としてナフタを確立する.
  • このプラスチックの変換プロセスの効率と環境への恩恵を評価する.

主な方法:

  • βゼオライトとシリカリート-1包装のPtナノ粒子 (Pt@S-1) を含むタンデム触媒システムを利用した.
  • 250 °CでLDPEの変換を行った.
  • Pt@S-1触媒構造内のクラッキングと水素化のステップを分析した.

主要な成果:

  • C5からC9の炭化水素に対して,高い選択性 (96.8%) と 89.5%のナフタ収量を達成した.
  • Ptナノ粒子によって水素化されるオレフィン中間物質にLDPEが酸性サイトで割れることが示された.
  • 触媒チャネル内での急速な拡散が観察され,狭い分布のアルカンの形成を促進する.

結論:

  • LDPEをナフタに変換するタンドムはプラスチックリサイクルに有効な戦略です.
  • このプロセスはプラスチックのループを閉じ,循環型経済に貢献します.
  • この方法により,エネルギー消費が15%,温室効果ガスの排出が30%削減されるなど,環境に大きな利点があります.