世界は準備ができているか? 世界保健安全保障の既存の評価枠組みの弱点を"ワン・ヘルス"アプローチを通じて特定する
Tieble Traore1, Sarah Shanks2, Najmul Haider3
1WHO Emergency Preparedness and Response Cluster, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Dakar Hub, Dakar, Senegal.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 22, 2023
まとめ
現在の公衆衛生上の緊急事態の評価は不十分です 人間,動物,生態系の福祉を統合した"ワン・ヘルス"アプローチは,包括的な準備と対応戦略に不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- エコロジー
- 獣医学
背景:
- COVID-19 パンデミックは,現在の公衆衛生の緊急事態への備えと対応の枠組みの限界を強調した.
- 既存の評価は 複雑な社会的,経済的,政治的,規制的,生態学的健康の決定要因を 軽視することが多い.
- 相互に関連した健康上の脅威に対処するためのより包括的な枠組みが必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 既存の公衆衛生上の緊急事態の評価枠組みを分析する.
- "ワンヘルス"のアプローチを使って改善を提案する.
- 医療セキュリティの評価の範囲を広げることを主張する.
主な方法:
- 国際保健規則の共同外部評価を含む現在の健康安全評価の枠組みの分析
- 既存のツールを評価し,新しい方法論を提案する"ワン・ヘルス"の枠組みの適用
- 社会,経済,政治,規制,生態学的要因を健康緊急事態の評価に考慮する.
主要な成果:
- 既存の枠組みの範囲は不十分であり,複雑なシステムを適切に組み込むことができない.
- "ワンヘルス"アプローチは 評価ツールを分析し改善するための 価値あるレンズを提供します
- 効果的な健康安全保障の評価には 野心的な取り組みが必要である.
結論:
- 健康安全保障の評価の枠組みは,人間,動物,生態系の健康を考慮した"ワン・ヘルス"の観点を採用しなければならない.
- 評価は,人為的要因,社会政治的環境,そして利害関係者の視点を考慮する必要があります.
- 将来の枠組みでは,能力構築を優先し,すべての保健システムにおける付加価値,トレードオフ,共同利益に基づく介入を評価すべきである.
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