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米国保健システムの組織とパフォーマンス
Nancy D Beaulieu1, Michael E Chernew1,2, J Michael McWilliams1,3
1Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA
|January 24, 2023
まとめ
医療制度は医療の有意な部分を提供しており,質はわずかに向上していますが,コストと価格は大幅に上昇しています. これは 医療制度が 低コストで より良い医療を提供するという 目標を まだ達成していないことを示しています
科学分野:
- 医療サービス研究
- 健康 経済
- 医療管理
背景:
- 医療制度は医療の提供において中心的な役割を果たしているが,その組織的機能はまだ十分に研究されていない.
- 医療システムの特徴と影響を理解することは,医療の効率と質を評価する上で極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- アメリカの医療制度を特定し 特徴づけること
- 医療制度の内外の医師と病院を比較する
- 医療制度における医師や病院による医療の質と費用の評価
主な方法:
- 病院の所有者/管理者,入院者,医師の数に基づいた医療システムです.
- メディケア・メディケイド・サービスセンターのデータ,IRSのファイル,認定と分類のための請求データ (学術,公的,営利,非営利,私的) を利用した.
- 評価された品質 (予防的ケア,慢性疾患の管理,患者の経験,低価値ケア,死亡率,再入院) と医療保険受給者および商業的請求に対するコスト (価格,支出),患者および地理的要因を調整する.
主要な成果:
- 580の医療制度が特定され,医師の40%と病院のベッドの84%を占め,メディケア受給者の41%にサービスを提供しています.
- 医療制度の医師や病院は 予防ケア,臨床品質,患者体験において わずかに高いパフォーマンスを示しました
- 医療制度の内では,サービスの価格が著しく高かった (医師は12%から26%,病院は31%) で,小規模な診療所では大きな価格差が見られた.
結論:
- 医療制度はかなりの量の医療を提供していますが 質はわずかに改善されていますが 費用はかなり高くなります
- 観察された価格と品質の差は,医療制度がより低コストでより良いケアを提供するという目標を一貫して達成していないことを示唆しています.
- 価格の格差は,特に小規模な診療所では,医療システム内の潜在的コスト抑制戦略の非効率性と領域を強調しています.
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