アマゾンの森林破壊の原動力と影響
David M Lapola1, Patricia Pinho2, Jos Barlow3
1Laboratório de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre - LabTerra, Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas Aplicadas à Agricultura - CEPAGRI, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
まとめ
アマゾンの森林の劣化は 残りの森林の38%に影響し 森林伐採に匹敵する量の炭素を排出しています この劣化は生物多様性に影響を及ぼし,社会経済的な負担を引き起こし,統合された保全政策を必要とします.
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 気候科学
- 環境科学
背景:
- アマゾンの森林の劣化は250万km2に及び,地域の森林の38%に影響を与えています.
- 劣化の原因には火事,縁の効果,木材の採掘,極端な干ばつが含まれます.
- この劣化は炭素排出と生態系の破壊に大きく寄与しています
研究 の 目的:
- アマゾンの森林破壊が 炭素排出量に及ぼす影響を 定量化するためです
- 蒸発と生物多様性の損失を含む生態学的影響を評価する.
- 社会経済的な負担を評価し,将来の排出トレンドを予測する.
主な方法:
- 森林破壊による炭素排出量を量化し 森林破壊の割合と比較しました
- 乾季の蒸発による変化の評価
- 生物多様性の喪失と社会経済的影響について分析した.
主要な成果:
- 森林の劣化は年間0.2ペタグラムの炭素 (Pg C年-1) を排出し,森林伐採の排出量 (0.060.21 Pg C年-1) に匹敵する.
- 降解は乾季の蒸発を 34%まで減少させる.
- 森林の劣化による生物多様性の損失は 変異した風景における森林伐採に匹敵し 森林の住人に不釣り合いな影響を及ぼします
結論:
- アマゾンの森林破壊は 森林伐採の速さに関係なく 炭素排出の主要な持続的な源です
- 森林破壊と森林破壊の両方に対処する統合された政策は極めて重要です.
- 効果的な保全には,特定の劣化障害を標的とした革新的な措置が必要である.
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