DNAポリメラーゼIII*のβ-クランプの遠隔変異は,DNA指向を乱し,外核酶活性に影響する
Madison B Berger1, G Andrés Cisneros1,2
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 6, 2023
まとめ
DNAポリメラーゼIII*のベータクランプの変異は,その校正活動に影響する. ベータ-L82Dは触媒の効率を低下させ,ベータ-L82Eは触媒の効率を維持し,反応メカニズムを変化させる.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学
- 酵素学
- 生物化学
背景:
- DNAポリメラーゼは全ての生物のDNA複製と修復に不可欠である.
- "E"は"E"で コリ菌のDNAポリメラーゼIII (Pol III*) は,触媒 (α, ε) と非触媒 (β, θ) 成分を含む多亜単位複合体である.
- 非触媒性サブユニットの変異が触媒性活動に与える影響は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 特定のβ-クランプ変異 (β-L82E/L82'Eとβ-L82D/L82'D) が εサブユニットの校正活動に及ぼす影響を調査する.
- 計算方法を用いてこれらの効果の基礎となる分子機構を解明する.
主な方法:
- Pol III*の動態の変化を分析するための分子動態 (MD) シミュレーション.
- 量子力学/分子力学 (QM/MM) の計算により,触媒能力と反応エネルギーが評価される.
- β-クランプとアクティブサイトの電場内のDNA基板位置の分析.
主要な成果:
- MDシミュレーションでは,主にDNA基板の位置の変化によるβ-クランプ変異によって誘発されたPol III*の有意な動的変化が示されました.
- QM/MM計算では,β-L82D/L82'D変種は,不利な反応エネルギーで触媒能力が低下していることが示された.
- β-L82E/L82'E変種は,野生型 (WT) に比べて反応メカニズムが変化したものの,校正活動を保持すると予測されています.
結論:
- β-クランプの遠隔変異は, εエクソヌクレアースサブユニットの触媒活性に大きな影響を及ぼします.
- β-L82D変異は,活性部位の静電学とエネルギー学を変えることで,校正を損なう.
- β-L82E変異は校正を維持するが,反応経路を修正し,Pol III*内の複雑なアロステル調節を強調する.
関連する概念動画
Translesion DNA Polymerases
10.1K
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
10.1K
Proofreading
6.5K
Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore, it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...
6.5K
Mismatch Repair
5.0K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
5.0K
Base Excision Repair
22.7K
One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
The first step of...
22.7K
Spontaneous and Induced Mutations
85
Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
85
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks
5.9K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.9K


