紀元前1198年~1196年頃のヒッタイトの崩壊と重度の多年にわたる干ばつ
Sturt W Manning1,2, Cindy Kocik3, Brita Lorentzen4,5
1Cornell Tree-Ring Laboratory, Department of Classics and Cornell Institute of Archaeology and Material Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. sm456@cornell.edu.
Nature
|February 9, 2023
まとめ
気候変動は古代文明に大きく影響しました 紀元前1198年頃の 厳しい多年の干ばつにより ヒッタイト帝国は
科学分野:
- 古気象学と考古学
- 古代 の 近東 研究
- 気候変動が文明に及ぼす影響
背景:
- 気候変動は人類の歴史に重大な脅威をもたらしていますが 具体的な影響は不明です
- 過去の文明は 気候の変化に直面しましたが 気候現象と社会の崩壊の間の正確なリンクは しばしば欠けています
- ヒッタイト帝国は 古代の大国であり 脆弱な半乾燥地帯に 集中していました
研究 の 目的:
- 紀元前1200年頃の ヒッタイト帝国の崩壊と 関連した正確な気候条件を調査する.
- 極端な気候現象が 社会の適応と回復力を 押しつぶす方法を理解する
主な方法:
- アナトリアの現代木の樹輪幅と安定した同位体のデータを用いて,高解像度の乾燥記録の分析.
- 古代気候データとヒッタイト帝国の考古学と歴史の時間軸の相関
主要な成果:
- 紀元前1198年から1196年 (±3年) までの間,中央アナトリアで非常に厳しい連続した乾燥期を特定した.
- この激しい干ばつの出来事は ヒッタイの文明にとって 転機を起こす可能性があると 指摘されています
- 連続した極端な気候現象は 回復力のある社会でさえ 適応能力を超えることを示唆しています
結論:
- 紀元前1198年頃の多年にわたる深刻な干ばつが,ヒッタイト帝国の崩壊の重要な要因となった.
- この研究は 古代社会が 急激で極端な気候変化に 脆弱であることを強調しています
- 過去の気候と社会の相互作用を理解することは 将来の気候変動のリスクを評価するのに不可欠です
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