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過去 3 世紀 に わたる 広範囲 の 湿地 の 喪失
Etienne Fluet-Chouinard1,2,3, Benjamin D Stocker4,5,6,7, Zhen Zhang8
1Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. efluet@stanford.edu.
Nature
|February 9, 2023
まとめ
世界の内陸湿地は1700年以来,主に耕作地への転換により21%減少しています. この研究は,湿地の喪失とその影響を理解するための新しい歴史的ベースラインを提供します.
科学分野:
- 環境科学
- エコロジー
- 地球システム科学
背景:
- 湿地の排水は,温室効果ガスの流れ,洪水対策,栄養循環,生物多様性に大きな影響を及ぼします.
- 自然湿地の損失の正確な世界規模は,現在不確実であり,正確な影響評価を妨げています.
研究 の 目的:
- 1700年から2020年までの世界の内陸湿地損失の空間的分布とタイミングを再構築する.
- 湿地の改造を推進する人間の主要な土地の使用を特定し,影響評価のための歴史的基準を確立する.
主な方法:
- 土地利用地図と模擬湿地の面積を組み合わせた国家/地方の排水と改造記録
- 7つの人間の土地利用における湿地喪失の空間的分布とタイミングを再構築した.
主要な成果:
- 1700年以来,世界の内陸湿地のおよそ340万km2 (21%) が失われ,主に農地に転換されています.
- 湿地の損失はヨーロッパ,米国,中国に集中しており,20世紀半ばには急速に拡大しました.
- 推定された純損失は,高損失地域からの推計によって先ほど示唆されたより低い.
結論:
- この再構築は,湿地喪失が地球システムプロセスに与える影響を評価するための改善された歴史的ベースラインを提供します.
- 発見は,残った湿地の保全計画と湿地の回復のための場所の優先順位付けを支援します.
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